A novel application for oil palm empty fruit bunch: extraction and modification of cellulose for solid polymer electrolyte

Abouloula, Cheyma Naceur; Rizwan, Muhammad; Selvanathan, Vidhya; Abdullah, Che Ibrahim; Hassan, Aziz; Yahya, Rosiyah; Oueriagli, A.

doi:10.1007/s11581-018-2558-7

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the chemical characteristic of isolated cellulose and CNF, Figure 2a indicates the absorption peaks at 3400 cm −1 due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and stretching of the saturated aliphatic C-H of lignin and cellulose. These results were generally in line with those of a recent study on cellulose derivatives [29]. Likewise, the absorption peaks around 2902 and 1058 cm −1 were attributed to the C-H and C-O stretching vibrations on cellulose and CNF respectively.…”

Section: Characterization Of Surface-grafted Cnfsupporting

confidence: 92%

3D Printing of UV-Curable Polyurethane Incorporated with Surface-Grafted Nanocellulose

Mohan,

Sajab,

Kaco

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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The recognition of nanocellulose has been prominent in recent years as prospect materials, yet the ineffectiveness of nanocellulose to disperse in an organic solvent has restricted its utilization, especially as a reinforcement in polymer nanocomposite. In this study, cellulose has been isolated and defibrillated as cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers. Subsequently, to enhance its compatibility with UV-curable polyurethane (PU)-based resin, the surface hydrophilicity of CNF has been tailored with polyethylene glycol (PEG), as well as reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The dispersibility of reinforced modified CNF in UV-curable PU was examined through the transmittance interruption of resin, chemical, and mechanical properties of the composite printed using the stereolithographic technique. Evidently, the enhanced compatibility of modified CNF and UV-curable PU was shown to improve the tensile strength and hardness of the composites by 37% and 129%, respectively.

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Section: Characterization Of Surface-grafted Cnfsupporting

confidence: 92%

3D Printing of UV-Curable Polyurethane Incorporated with Surface-Grafted Nanocellulose

Mohan,

Sajab,

Kaco

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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“…The yield % of CMC calculated following the above equation was found to be 84.84%. The chemical identity of the cellulose extracted from oil palm waste and the CMC derivative was confirmed via NMR, XRD, and DSC analysis in our previous publication [18].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Carboxymethyl Cellulose From Oil Palm Wastementioning

confidence: 75%

“…The extraction of cellulose from raw EFB oil palm fibres is comprised of two steps, as reported in our previous work [18]. Firstly, the fibres were treated in an aqueous solution of 4 wt % of NaOH at 80 • C for 3 h. Then, the solid was filtered and washed several times with distilled water.…”

Section: Extraction Cellulose From Oil Palm Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Oil Palm Waste-Derived Cellulose into Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Investigating the Crucial Role of Plasticizers

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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This study explores the possibility of transforming lignocellulose-rich agricultural waste materials into value-added products. Cellulose was extracted from an empty fruit bunch of oil palm and further modified into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a water-soluble cellulose derivative. The CMC was then employed as the polymeric content in fabrication of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films incorporated with lithium iodide. To enhance the ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolytes, the compositions were optimized with different amounts of glycerol as a plasticizing agent. The chemical and physical effects of plasticizer content on the film composition were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the interaction plasticizer with the polymer matrix and the amorphous nature of fabricated SPEs. The highest ionic conductivity of 6.26 × 10−2 S/cm was obtained with the addition of 25 wt % of glycerol. By fabricating solid polymer electrolytes from oil palm waste-derived cellulose, the sustainability of the materials can be retained while reducing the dependence on fossil fuel-derived materials in electrochemical devices.

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“…The SMCA concentration is one of significant parameters that affect the CMC synthesis. Sodium hydroxide concentration of 30% is used as constant parameter based on previous studies [7,[14][15][16]. The effect of SMCA concentration on the DS and yield of CMC-EFB is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxymethyl Cellulose Synthesis From Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Ionic Liquid and Hydrogen Peroxide

Zainol

Rasid

Asmadi

et al. 2021

AEJ

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The synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) generally uses isolated crude cellulose with alkaline or acid pretreatment followed by bleaching with sodium chlorite. In this study, the simple [BMIM][Cl] ionic liquid was used as a solvent in the pretreatment process before conduct the bleaching process with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to isolate cellulose from empty fruit bunch (EFB) for further synthesis of CMC. The isolated crude EFB cellulose obtained was converted to CMC by adding 30 wt.% NaOH and various concentrations of sodium monochloroacetic acid (SMCA) at 55 °C for 3 h. The effects of SMCA concentration on the degree of substitution (DS) and CMC yield were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the CMC products were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the results, CMC was demonstrated to be synthesized using ionic liquid pretreatment with H2O2 bleaching. Carboxymethyl cellulose synthesized in this study showed a high DS of 0.82. The CMC synthesized from EFB cellulose through ionic liquid pretreatment presented good chemical and physical properties as that reported in other studies.

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A novel application for oil palm empty fruit bunch: extraction and modification of cellulose for solid polymer electrolyte

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

3D Printing of UV-Curable Polyurethane Incorporated with Surface-Grafted Nanocellulose

3D Printing of UV-Curable Polyurethane Incorporated with Surface-Grafted Nanocellulose

Transformation of Oil Palm Waste-Derived Cellulose into Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Investigating the Crucial Role of Plasticizers

Carboxymethyl Cellulose Synthesis From Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Ionic Liquid and Hydrogen Peroxide

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