A novel aqueous extract from rice fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses an anti-influenza A virus activity

Abstract

Human influenza virus infections occur annually worldwide and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hence, development of novel anti-influenza drugs is urgently required. Rice Power® extract developed by the Yushin Brewer Co. Ltd. is a novel aqueous extract of rice obtained via saccharization and fermentation with various microorganisms, such as Aspergillus oryzae, yeast [such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae], and lactic acid bacteria, possessing various biological and pharmacological properties. In our previous experimental screening with thirty types of Rice Power® extracts, we observed that the 30th Rice Power® (Y30) extract promoted the survival of influenza A virus-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Therefore, to identify compounds for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs, we aimed to investigate whether the Y30 extract exhibits anti-influenza A virus activity. In the present study, we demonstrated that the Y30 extract strongly promoted the survival of influenza A H1N1 Puerto Rico 8/34 (A/PR/8/34), California 7/09, or H3N2 Aichi 2/68 (A/Aichi/2/68) viruses-infected MDCK cells and inhibited A/PR/8/34 or A/Aichi/2/68 viruses infection and growth in the co-treatment and pre-infection experiments. The pre-treatment of Y30 extract on MDCK cells did not induce anti-influenza activity in the cell. The Y30 extract did not significantly affect influenza A virus hemagglutination, and neuraminidase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities. Interestingly, the electron microscopy experiment revealed that the Y30 extract disrupts the integrity of influenza A virus particles by permeabilizing the viral membrane envelope, suggesting that Y30 extract has a direct virucidal effect against influenza A virus. Furthermore, we observed that compared to the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract, the water extract of Y30 extract considerably promoted the survival of cells infected with A/PR/8/34 virus. These results indicated that more anti-influenza components were present in the water extract of Y30 extract than in the EtOAc extract. Our results highlight the potential of a rice extract fermented with A. oryzae and S. cerevisiae as an anti-influenza medicine and a drug source for the development of anti-influenza compounds.

Anti-influenza Activity of Povidone-Iodine-Integrated Materials

“…Viral titers were determined by immunostaining of the influenza A viral nucleoprotein, as previously described. [16][17][18] through NB staining and MTT assay. NB staining was conducted as described previously 19) , and viable cells in each well were stained blue, whereas dead cells were unstained.…”

Effects of dietary β-glucan and rice fermented on growth performance, fatty acids, and Newcastle disease immune response in turkey broilers

“…FR extracts prevent NaCl or methotrexate cytotoxicity in the gastric mucosa ( Ochiai et al, 2013 ), enhance antioxidant activity ( Shin et al, 2019 , Xu et al, 2019 ), have anti-inflammatory efficacy in the intestinal mucosa ( Oh et al, 2020 ), lower blood and hepatic cholesterol levels, and exhibit anti-steatosis activity ( Bunnoy et al, 2015 ). Rice extracts fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( S. cerevisiae ) may be administered as anti-influenza therapy and are sources of anti-influenza drugs ( Shoji et al, 2021 ). S. cerevisiae -based fermentation contains abundant β-glucans which improve intestinal health and increase post-vaccination antibody titers in poultry ( Dewi et al, 2021 ).…”

Major Active Metabolite Characteristics of Dendrobium officinale Rice Wine Fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Wickerhamomyces anomalus Cofermentation

“…It has been found that gavage of glutinous rice-fermented yellow wine to constipated mice can modulate microbiota-mediated intestinal ecology, regulate intestinal and serum metabolite levels, and increase gastrointestinal motility, exerting a therapeutic effect on constipation [ 8 ]. In addition, rice extracts fermented by Aspergillus oryzae have also been found to be a source of anti-influenza drugs and drugs for the development of anti-influenza compounds [ 9 ]. D. officinale is a medicinal and food plant containing a variety of bioactive components, such as polysaccharides, biphenyls, phenanthrenes, and flavonoids.…”