A novel automatic regulatory device for continuous bladder irrigation based on wireless sensor in patients after transurethral resection of the prostate

Abstract

Background:Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common progressive disease in aging men, which leads to a significant impact on daily lives of patients. Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) is a supplementary option for preventing the adverse events following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Regulation of the flow rate based on the color of drainage bag is significant to prevent the clot formation and retention, which is controlled manually at present. To achieve a better control of flow rate and reduce inappropriate flow rate–related adverse effects, we designed an automatic flow rate controller for CBI applied with wireless sensor and evaluated its clinical efficacy.Methods:The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in patients receiving the novel automatic bladder irrigation post-TURP in the experimental group compared with controls receiving traditional bladder irrigation in the control group.Results:A total of 146 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups—the experimental group (n = 76) and the control group (n = 70). The mean irrigation volume of the experimental group (24.2 ± 3.8 L) was significantly lower than that of the controls (54.6 ± 5.4 L) (P < 0.05). Patients treated with automatic irrigation device had significantly decreased incidence of clot retention (8/76) and cystospasm (12/76) compared to controls (21/70; 39/70, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to irrigation time (28.6 ± 2.7 vs 29.5 ± 3.4 hours, P = 0.077).Conclusion:The study suggests that the automatic regulating device applied with wireless sensor for CBI is safe and effective for patients after TURP. However, studies with a large population of patients and a long-term follow-up should be conducted to validate our findings.

Pre-Clinical Proof-of-Concept Study of a Bladder Irrigation Feedback System for Gross Haematuria in a Lab Setup

“…Compared with the traditional manual bladder irrigation, automatic bladder irrigation decreased the incidence of complications after irrigation. The research [14] also states that there were no significant differences in irrigation time and hospital stay between patients that use manual irrigation and automatic irrigation, which suggests that the novel irrigation system does not lengthen the time of irrigation and hospital stays of patients.…”

“…In addition, the automation of the bladder irrigation system would help optimize the usage of saline drip. According to the research conducted by Ding et al [14], the mean irrigation volume for patients using automatic irrigation (24.2 ± 3.8 L) was significantly lower than that of the patients who use traditional manual irrigation methods (54.6 ± 5.4 L) (p < 0.05). This scenario is because care personnel or patients' family members are inclined to regulate the flow rate faster than theory value, which may increase the irrigation volume, therefore causing wastage and unable to prevent complications of bladder irrigation.…”

“…Other noninvasive methods utilize both red light and near-infrared light to detect the presence of blood in certain parts of the body [8][9][10][11][12][13] as hemoglobin in red blood cells allows red color light to be transmitted through the cells. The automatic bladder irrigation created by Ding et al [14] has utilized color sensors to detect different blood concentration values to control the rate of saline drip. Based on that, we propose an automatic feedback control system to control saline drip based on blood concentration detected.…”

Evaluasi Penatalaksanaan Irigasi Kandung Kemih Karena Retensi Bekuan Darah Pada Pasien Gangguan Perkemihan : Systematic Review

“…Terdapat dua temuan yang membandikan antara teknik baru dengan teknik konvensional, yaitu teknik "thoracic catheter" dan teknik "suction bridge", kedua teknik tersebut menjadikan Jarum suntik Toomey atau evakuator Ellick sebagai pembanding dari hasil yang ditemukan. Sedangkan, CBI (continued bladder irrigation) berbasis wireless sensor dilaporkan baru untuk pertama kalinya dan diuji klinis pada pasien pasca TURP dengan hasil tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam hal waktu irigasi dan lama rawat inap antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol, yang menunjukkan bahwa sistem irigasi otomatis tidak memperpanjang waktu irigasi dan masa tinggal pasien di rumah sakit (15). Hasil ini sangat bermanfaat dalam penatalaksanaan CBI karena fakta bahwa dengan CBI konvensional, laju aliran diatur pada kebebasan berdasarkan pengalaman subjektif.…”

Management of Hematuria All You Always Wanted to Know

“…First of all, we should evaluate if the catheter may be safely changed by another more stiff and sized (about [20][21][22]. If the catheter is too soft, it will collapse with the high negative pressure that we have to apply to the syringe when trying to extract old organized clots.…”