“…Labeled solid‐phase substrates: 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP), 4‐MBA, rhodamine B (R6G), 4‐MPBA, and so on are often used as Raman signal molecules (Guselnikova et al., 2022; Zhang, Ge, et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2022). Additionally, specific recognition molecules, such as antibodies, aptamers, and bacteriophages, are frequently required in labeled detection strategies to achieve selective recognition, targeted isolation, and signal amplification of target strains (Xue et al., 2022; Yang, Lee, et al., 2022).…”