A novel Central Composite Design based response surface methodology optimization study for the synthesis of Pd/CNT direct formic acid fuel cell anode catalyst

Çağlar, Aykut; Şahan, Tekin; Çögenli, M. Selim; Yurtcan, Ayşe Bayrakçeken; Aktaş, Nahit; Kıvrak, Hilal

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.208

Cited by 69 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, fossil fuels will be exhausted in future and these fossil fuel exhausts lead to environmental hazards 3 Thus, fuel cells have gained great importance in recent years due to increasing energy need-related population and growing industry. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Direct glucose fuel cell (DGFC) is also an energy device converting chemical energy into electrical energy. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Direct glucose fuel cell (DGFC) is also an energy device converting chemical energy into electrical energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 In addition, fuel cells are energy devices employing renewable energy sources clean, efficient, and promising for the future. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Direct glucose fuel cell (DGFC) is also an energy device converting chemical energy into electrical energy. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) is the most abundant monosaccharide in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis of in situ N‐, S‐, and B‐doped few‐layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition technique and their superior glucose electrooxidation activity

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary At present, N‐, S‐, and B‐doped grapheme‐modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes are produced and doping method effect on the glucose electrooxidation is investigated. Firstly, few‐layer graphene is produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Then, N, S, and B doping is carried out after graphene produced by CVD to prepare N‐doped, B‐doped, and S‐doped few‐layer graphene. N, S, and B doping is carried out by two different ways as (a) doping after synthesis of few‐layer graphene and (b) in situ doping during few‐layer graphene production. These materials are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy‐energy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). One could note that graphene and nitrogen networks are clearly visible from SEM images. Raman spectra show that B, N, and S are doped on few‐layer graphene/ITO successfully. XPS results of graphene, N‐doped graphene, and in situ N‐doped graphene reveal that graphene and nitrogen atoms used in the preparation of the electrodes obtain mainly in their elemental state. Then, these N‐, S‐, B‐doped and in situ N‐, S‐, B‐doped few‐layer graphene materials are coated onto indium tin oxide (ITO) to obtain N‐, S‐, B‐doped and in situ N‐, S‐, B‐doped ITO electrodes for glucose (C6H12O6) electrooxidation. C6H12O6 electrooxidation measurements are investigated with cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. As a result, in situ N‐doped few‐layer graphene/ITO electrode displays the best C6H12O6 electrooxidation activity with 9.12 mA.cm−2 current density compared with other N‐, S‐, B‐doped graphene and in situ doped S and B grapheme‐modified ITO electrodes. Furthermore, this current density value for in situ N‐doped few‐layer graphene/ITO is highly above the values reported in the literature. In situ N‐doped few‐layer graphene/ITO electrode is a promising electrode for C6H12O6 electrooxidation because it exhibits the best electrocatalytic activity, stability, and resistance compared with other electrodes.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of in situ N‐, S‐, and B‐doped few‐layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition technique and their superior glucose electrooxidation activity

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pt‐ and Pd‐based electrocatalysts exhibit high electrochemical activity for FAEO . Pt‐based electrocatalysts have disadvantages such as being expensive, showing low stability and low CO tolerance towards FAEO. On the other hand, Pd has attracted the attention of researchers due to its superior features in terms of cost, activity, and stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards more active and stable PdAgCr electrocatalysts for formic acid electrooxidation: The role of optimization via response surface methodology

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, multiwall carbon nanotube (MCNT)-supported Pd (Pd/MWCNT) catalysts are prepared by using NaBH 4 reduction method. In order to maximize the oxidation and reduction of H 2 SO 4 , synthesis conditions (Pd ratio, molar ratio of NaBH 4 /K 2 PdCl 4 , volume of deionized water, and duration of agitation) are optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum synthesis conditions are determined as 58.2% of Pd by weight, 154.6 molar ratio of NaBH 4 to K 2 PdCl 4 , 19.48 mL of deionized water, and 186.16 min of agitation duration. The effect of electrochemical measurement conditions on the oxidation kinetics of Pd/MWCNT is also investigated by RSM. The optimum electrochemical measurement conditions are found as 10 μL of catalyst mixture, 90°C of H 2 SO 4 solution, and 5.5 M H 2 SO 4 . The Pd/MWCNT, Pd 50 Ag 50 /MWCNT, and Pd 65.6 Ag 33.6 Cr 0.80 /MWCNT catalysts prepared under optimized conditions are characterized by using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N 2 adsorption-desorption, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The crystallite sizes of these catalysts are found as 4.85, 5.66, and 5.26 nm for Pd/MWCNT, Pd 50 Ag 50 /MWCNT, and Pd 65.6 Ag 33.6 Cr 0.80 /MWCNT catalysts, respectively. Isotherms of all these catalysts are found to be similar to Type V isotherms with H3 hysteresis loop. The average particle size of Pd 50 Ag 50 / MWCNT and Pd 65.6 Ag 33.6 Cr 0.80 /MWCNT catalysts are determined as 5.2 and 9.2 nm, respectively. Electrochemical performance of as-prepared catalysts is evaluated by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The formic acid electrooxidation (FAEO) activities are found as 18.9, 27.8, and 51.6 mA/cm 2 for Pd/MWCNT, Pd 50 Ag 50 /MWCNT, and Pd 65.6 Ag 33.6 Cr 0.80 /MWCNT, respectively. Pd 65.6 Ag 33.6 Cr 0.80 /MWCNT shows the highest activity and stability. Optimization of synthesis conditions and electrochemical measurement parameters allow us to obtain very good electrochemical activity and stability for FAEO reaction compared with anode catalysts in the literature.

show abstract

“…In the literature, many methods have been proposed for the design of more active and stable Pd anode catalysts in which an increase in CO poisoning tolerance is targeted. Second metal addition is one of the most commonly used methods to improve the catalyst activity by utilizing the synergistic effect between metals . Additionally, geometric and electronic structure of Pd can be optimized by the addition of a second metal .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second metal addition is one of the most commonly used methods to improve the catalyst activity by utilizing the synergistic effect between metals. [28][29][30][31][32][33] Additionally, geometric and electronic structure of Pd can be optimized by the addition of a second metal. 34 Since Pd is an expensive metal, observing the positive effect of Pd on FAE activity even at very low molar ratio is another advantage provided by Pd-based bimetallic catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of optimum Pd:Ni ratio for Pd _x Ni _{100‐
x} / CNT s formic acid electrooxidation catalysts synthesized via sodium borohydride reduction method

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The main purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum Pd:Ni molar ratio for carbon nanotube–supported PdNi (PdxNi100‐x/CNT) alloy catalysts toward formic acid electrooxidation (FAE). NaBH4 reduction method was employed for the synthesis of Pd90Ni10/CNT, Pd70Ni30/CNT, Pd50Ni50/CNT, and Pd40Ni60/CNT. Synthesized catalysts were characterized by employing advanced surface analytical techniques, namely, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption‐desorption, and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The characterization results showed that all catalysts were successfully synthesized at desired molar composition. Pd90Ni10/CNT displayed the highest specific and mass activities with 2.32 mA/cm2 and 613.9 mA/mg Pd, respectively. Specific activity of the Pd90Ni10/CNT was found approximately 3.6, 2.3, 11.1, and 3.4 times higher than those of Pd70Ni30/CNT, Pd50Ni50/CNT, Pd40Ni60/CNT, and Pd/CNT, respectively. The synergistic effect between Pd and Ni at optimized metal ratio was utilized to obtain an improvement in specific activity. Furthermore, Pd90Ni10/CNT showed the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct) and a long‐term stability. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the optimization of atomic molar composition for PdxNi100‐x/CNT catalysts toward FAE.

show abstract

A novel Central Composite Design based response surface methodology optimization study for the synthesis of Pd/CNT direct formic acid fuel cell anode catalyst

Cited by 69 publications

References 49 publications

Synthesis of in situ N‐, S‐, and B‐doped few‐layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition technique and their superior glucose electrooxidation activity

Synthesis of in situ N‐, S‐, and B‐doped few‐layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition technique and their superior glucose electrooxidation activity

Towards more active and stable PdAgCr electrocatalysts for formic acid electrooxidation: The role of optimization via response surface methodology

Determination of optimum Pd:Ni ratio for Pd _x Ni _{100‐
x} / CNT s formic acid electrooxidation catalysts synthesized via sodium borohydride reduction method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A novel Central Composite Design based response surface methodology optimization study for the synthesis of Pd/CNT direct formic acid fuel cell anode catalyst

Cited by 69 publications

References 49 publications

Synthesis of in situ N‐, S‐, and B‐doped few‐layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition technique and their superior glucose electrooxidation activity

Synthesis of in situ N‐, S‐, and B‐doped few‐layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition technique and their superior glucose electrooxidation activity

Towards more active and stable PdAgCr electrocatalysts for formic acid electrooxidation: The role of optimization via response surface methodology

Determination of optimum Pd:Ni ratio for Pd x Ni 100‐ x / CNT s formic acid electrooxidation catalysts synthesized via sodium borohydride reduction method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Determination of optimum Pd:Ni ratio for Pd _x Ni _{100‐
x} / CNT s formic acid electrooxidation catalysts synthesized via sodium borohydride reduction method