A novel configuration for direct internal reforming stacks

Fellows, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(97)02723-7

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Indeed, this nomenclature has been used for many years with molten-carbonate fuel cells. 29,30 However, because internal reforming is essentially limited to methane and because the addition of steam with the fuel adds significant system complexity, we will focus primarily on systems and materials in which the hydrocarbons are fed to the fuel cell directly without significant amounts of water or oxygen.…”

Section: Definition Of Direct Utilization Sofcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Hydrocarbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2004

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Section: Definition Of Direct Utilization Sofcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Hydrocarbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2004

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“…Gas temperatures are measured at the inlet and outlet of the cell. Although the temperature ranges from 500 ± 700 C in a MCFC stack [13], in the single cell test it varies between 180 and 200 C, because two electrical resistances heat the cell, while in the stack the heat is given by reaction in the cell itself. The resistances were required due to high thermic losses in the single cell, the cell temperature of 650 C can be reached only with the aid of heaters.…”

Section: Comparison Between Experimental Tests and The Mathematic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable Fuel Cell Simulation Using an Experimentally Driven Numerical Model

Lunghi¹,

Bove²

2002

Fuel Cells

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The necessity of a simulation tool for integrated power plant with MCFCs has led to the development of a numerical model by which it is possible to evaluate the performances of the cell and the plant the cell is embedded in. Many mathematic models can be found in the literature that evaluate electrochemical fuel cell performance [1–9]; however the model must be developed according to a specific target. In other words, if the main purpose of the study is, for example, shape optimization, the model must be very accurate concerning internal conditions, such as current density, temperature distribution, etc. The models found in the literature [1–3, 5, 9] seem to produce excellent results. However, the aim here is to create a mathematical model for fuel cell stacks, which can be integrated into a simulation modular code for the Balance of the Plant (BoP) optimization. Plant modelling can be performed using commercially available software. Often, since fuel cells are innovative devices, numerical codes that simulate their behaviour must be implemented by using a proprietary code. Previous papers can be found in the literature [4, 10, 11], where fuel cell stacks are inserted in an entire power plant, but very often the fuel cell block is zero‐dimensional and it is not affected by the variation in input parameters. The authors, for this purpose, have developed a module to be integrated into commercial software for plants simulation, Aspen Plus. The model adopted is simple, but at the same time, it calculates with good accuracy fuel cell performance under any conditions. Another important element taken into account during the code development is the validation through experimental data. In the present work, the authors have adopted an analytic model for evaluating the electrochemical performance [6] of a fuel cell and results obtained are compared with those found out during the tests on a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. Some phenomena not described in the original model are considered and an enhanced model for the cell performance is developed. The model obtained is therefore used to analyse fuel cell behaviour under several operating conditions. These results seem to fit very well with experimental analyses conducted in the test rig of the University of Perugia.

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“…However, reforming of hydrocarbon fuels can be internally carried out within SOFC, which is called an internal reforming SOFC (IR-SOFC), as the operating temperature of SOFC is in the range of that used in reforming reactions. This can eliminate the requirement of the external reformer, resulting in improved overall efficiency and reduced operating cost (Fellows, 1998;Aguiar et al, 2002). In addition, the internal reforming operation of SOFC offers the advantage of using the heat released from electrochemical reactions to provide endothermic reforming reaction (Gorte and Vohs, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%