A Novel DNA Virus (TTV) Associated with Elevated Transaminase Levels in Posttransfusion Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology

Nishizawa, Tsutomu; Okamoto, Hiroaki; Konishi, Keiko; Yamada, Hiroshi; Miyakawa, Yuzo; Matsui, Makoto

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7765

Cited by 1,114 publications

(1,004 citation statements)

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“…"content-markup(./author-grp [1]/aff|./author-grp [1]/dept-list)> Torque teno virus (TTV; family Anelloviridae, genus Alphatorquevirus) is a nonenveloped, circular, singlestranded, negative-sense DNA virus 14 that was first isolated from a Japanese patient suffering from a posttransfusional non-A-G hepatitis in 1997. 16 After finding the causative viral agent, several studies have been conducted on the biological characteristics, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of TTV in hepatitis and its relation with other diseases in humans. 4 Results of previous studies determined that human TTV possesses a quite stable genome within the same genogroup, shares low nucleotide sequence identity with different genogroups, and has a high prevalence in the human population, which arouses suspicion of possible relationships between TTV and other diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative Detection of Porcine Torque Teno Virus in Porcine Circovirus-2–Negative and Porcine Circovirus–Associated Disease-Affected Pigs

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Torque teno virus (TTV) is a recently identified virus that has a wide range of host tropisms from humans to shrews. Human TTV and Torque teno mini virus are distributed worldwide, and their high prevalence in human populations has been reported. Pigs have their own species-specific TTV, and like human TTV, a high prevalence of porcine TTV also has been reported. Despite its high prevalence, the role of TTVrelated disease or syndrome in humans and pigs has not been determined. In the swine industry, TTV is thought to be one of the agents that aggravate clinical manifestation of Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), a newly emerging, economically devastating disease. The purpose of the current study was to quantify TTV viral load in serum obtained from Porcine circovirus-2-negative pigs and PCVAD-affected pigs with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and to compare TTV viral load between these groups. Results of this study indicate that there are no statically remarkable differences in TTV viral load between the 2 groups, which indicates that TTV might not be an agent of aggravation in PCVAD.

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative Detection of Porcine Torque Teno Virus in Porcine Circovirus-2–Negative and Porcine Circovirus–Associated Disease-Affected Pigs

et al. 2010

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“…The results were highly significant and revealed homologous recombination both within and among genotypes, often involving extremely divergent lineages. Recombination breakpoints were significantly more common in the noncoding region of the TT virus genome than in the coding region.TT virus (TTV) is a newly discovered nonenveloped DNA virus that was initially considered to be a possible agent of viral hepatitis, since it was first recovered from a patient with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology (12,15). Subsequent studies, however, have shown it to be very widespread and to occur at an extremely high prevalence even in healthy populations (1,9,18,20), casting doubt on its causal role in human disease.…”

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Extensive Homologous Recombination among Widely Divergent TT Viruses

Worobey

2000

J Virol

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Analyses of a collection of full-length TT virus genomes showed nearly half of them to be recombinant. The results were highly significant and revealed homologous recombination both within and among genotypes, often involving extremely divergent lineages. Recombination breakpoints were significantly more common in the noncoding region of the TT virus genome than in the coding region.TT virus (TTV) is a newly discovered nonenveloped DNA virus that was initially considered to be a possible agent of viral hepatitis, since it was first recovered from a patient with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology (12,15). Subsequent studies, however, have shown it to be very widespread and to occur at an extremely high prevalence even in healthy populations (1,9,18,20), casting doubt on its causal role in human disease. Its circular, single-stranded, negative-sense DNA genome, approximately 3,850 nucleotides in length (10, 11), bears little or no identifiable similarity to other known viruses, and TTV appears to represent a new virus family, tentatively designated Circinoviridae (11).For a DNA virus, TTV exhibits an astonishingly large amount of genetic diversity. To date, more than 16 genotypes separated by more than 30% divergence at the nucleotide level have been described (6,7,14,16,18,22), incorporating three hypervariable regions (13). Understanding the origins of such diversity is a fundamental problem in virology. While the role played by mutation has long been considered, it is becoming increasingly apparent that recombination also plays a key role in the evolution of many virus groups (19,24). The recent availability of several full-length TTV sequences (3,6,10,11,16), along with evidence for mixed infection by multiple genetic types (2,4,17,21), prompted this investigation into whether recombination might also play a role in the evolution of TTV.A total of 15 full-length or near-full-length TTV genomes with the following isolate names (accession numbers) were collected from GenBank: TA278 (AB017610) (16); GH1 (AF122913) (11); TUS01 (AB017613) (16); SAN-BAN (AB025946) (6); JA20 (AF122914), JA9 (AF122915), JA10 (AF122919), JA4 (AF122917), JA1 (AF122916), JA2B (AF122918), US32 (AF122921), and US35 (AF122920) (3); and BDH1 (AF116842), TTVCHN1 (AF079173), and TTVCHN2 (AF129887). The sequences were aligned using CLUSTAL W (23) and adjusted by hand. The resulting 3,853-nucleotide fulllength TTV alignment is available from the author on request.The aligned data set was analyzed by various methods to identify possible recombinant isolates, to characterize their putative recombination breakpoints, and to test results suggestive of recombination for statistical significance. First, an exploratory tree analysis (5) was performed by sliding a 400-nucleotide window down the sequence alignment in 200-nucleotide increments, generating a series of trees for the different regions. All trees were reconstructed with the PAUP* program (version 4; Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.) using the neighbor-joining algorithm with di...

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“…Each of them carried an insert of different size obtained from a TTV isolate belonging to a different phylogenetic group (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). These recombinant plasmids were obtained after cloning of PCR products sharing a common 20-bp segment at the 5' end (corresponding to the sense primer used for PCR).…”

Section: Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torque teno virus (TTV) was discovered in 1997 in the blood of a Japanese patient with post-transfusional hepatitis of unknown etiology (1). TTV is a small, non-enveloped virus with a single-stranded, circular DNA genome of negative polarity, 3.4-3.9 kb in length (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Co-infection of single individuals with TTV isolates belonging to one or several phylogenetic groups occurs frequently (4,(10)(11)(12)(13). Although TTV has been suggested to be a causative agent of several diseases such as hepatitis (1), gastritis (14), and acute respiratory diseases (15,16), until now this has not been demonstrated. As for human adenoviruses and papillomaviruses, porcine circoviruses, and other viruses, a possibility still exists that a specific TTV phylogenetic group (or genotype) is especially involved in the pathogenesis of a particular disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multiplex PCR assay able to simultaneously detect Torque teno virus isolates from phylogenetic groups 1 to 5

Devalle¹,

Niel²

2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Torque teno virus (TTV) is a circular, single-stranded DNA virus that chronically infects healthy individuals of all ages worldwide. TTV has an extreme genetic heterogeneity which is reflected in its current classification into five main phylogenetic groups (1-5). Using specific PCR assays, it has been shown that many individuals are co-infected with TTV isolates belonging to different phylogenetic groups. Here, a multiplex PCR assay was developed, using five recombinant plasmids. Each plasmid carried an insert of different size issued from a TTV isolate belonging to a different group. The assay was able to simultaneously amplify DNAs of TTV isolates belonging to all five phylogenetic groups. Multiplex PCR was then tested satisfactorily on DNAs extracted from 55 serum samples (47 health care workers and 8 AIDS patients). All individuals but nine were infected with at least one TTV isolate. Co-infection with multiple isolates was found in 29/ 47 (62%) health care workers and in 8/8 (100%) AIDS patients. A number of discrepancies were observed when results obtained with three thermostable DNA polymerases were compared. For example, four TTV phylogenetic groups were detected in a particular serum sample by using one of the three DNA polymerases, whereas the other two enzymes were able to detect only three TTV groups. However, none of the three enzymes used could be broadly considered to be more efficient than the others. Despite its limitations, the assay described here constitutes a suitable tool to visualize the degree of coinfection of a given population, avoiding time-consuming experiments.

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A Novel DNA Virus (TTV) Associated with Elevated Transaminase Levels in Posttransfusion Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology

Cited by 1,114 publications

References 24 publications

Quantitative Detection of Porcine Torque Teno Virus in Porcine Circovirus-2–Negative and Porcine Circovirus–Associated Disease-Affected Pigs

Quantitative Detection of Porcine Torque Teno Virus in Porcine Circovirus-2–Negative and Porcine Circovirus–Associated Disease-Affected Pigs

Extensive Homologous Recombination among Widely Divergent TT Viruses

A multiplex PCR assay able to simultaneously detect Torque teno virus isolates from phylogenetic groups 1 to 5

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