A Novel Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on COF-LZU1 as Precursor to Form Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Nanosphere for CA19-9 Detection

Functional COFs for Electrochemical Sensing: From Design Principles to Analytical Applications

“…Due to excellent electrocatalytic activities, good conductivity and superior enrichment ability of the constructed sensing materials the proposed sensors showed outstanding analytical performances for these biological molecules (Table 4). As shown in Table 4, based on high affinity towards the analyte-targeted aptamers or anti-bodies and good biocompatibility of COFsbased materials, the constructed COFs-based electrochemical aptasensors or immunosensors all presented excellent sensing properties and realized real-time and sensitive detection of various biomarkers such as ctDNA related to NSCLC, [233,249] microRNA-21, a biomarker of various cancers, [92] CA125, a tumor marker mainly existing in ovarian, [180] CA19-9 antigen, the most important carbohydrate tumor marker related to pancreatic cancer, [305] vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF 165 ), a signal protein associated with many types of human cancers, [306] α-fetoprotein (AFP), a biomarker of various tumors, [253] cytoker-atin fragment antigen 21-1(CYFRA21-1), one of the most important biomarkers for the detection of NSCLC, [252] or living cells including MCF-7 cells [257] and osteosarcoma cells (K7 M2 cells) [306] with ultralow LODs and wide linear ranges, which is so pivotal to early diagnosis and treatment of some serious diseases, especially, cancers.…”