A novel electronic skin patch for delivery and pharmacokinetic evaluation of donepezil following transdermal iontophoresis

Saluja, Sonal; Kasha, Purna C.; Paturi, Jyotsna; Anderson, Carter; Morris, Russell; Banga, Ajay K.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.029

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The formulations are prepared in an aqueous vehicle, such as hydrogels, and the drug is ionized. The drug diffusion is driven by the electroosmotic flow due to the electric field (Gratieri, Gelfuso, Lopez, 2008;Alexander et al, 2012;Patni et al, 2012;Gratieri, Kalia, 2013;Saluja et al, 2013).…”

Section: In Vitro Evaluation Of the Skin Permeation Of Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair removal at the site of application may be necessary before the administration of transdermal formulations in animal models and can be done by using a clipper or depilatory creams (Gupta et al, 1993;Nishida et al, 2010;Choi et al, 2012;Saluja et al, 2013). The integrity of the skin permeability must be assured.…”

Section: Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, selection of the protocol must be performed by using experimental conditions, such as skin model, experimental apparatus, and receptor medium, appropriate for the formulation to be evaluated, and it must be based on the physicochemical properties of the drug, including aqueous solubility and oil-water partition coefficients. Several recent studies have focused on development of transdermal devices for administration of donepezil, an anti-Alzheimer drug Subedi et al, 2012;Saluja et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2014). In these studies, the permeation of this lipophilic compound (log P > 4) was studied by using different experimental protocols, including skin models, experimental apparati, and formulations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beagle dogs and guinea pigs are selected in some studies (Ye et al, 2008;. Although these preclinical evaluations are important, the results cannot be extrapolated to humans if the selected animal models show significant differences in skin permeability, drug metabolism, and elimination Jung et al, 2013).Hair removal at the site of application may be necessary before the administration of transdermal formulations in animal models and can be done by using a clipper or depilatory creams (Gupta et al, 1993;Nishida et al, 2010;Choi et al, 2012;Saluja et al, 2013). The integrity of the skin permeability must be assured.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations

Ruela

Perissinato

Lino

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

217

135

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The skin barrier function has been attributed to the stratum corneum and represents a major challenge in clinical practice pertaining to cutaneous administration of drugs. Despite this, a large number of bioactive compounds have been successfully administered via cutaneous administration because of advances in the design of topical and transdermal formulations. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of these novel drug delivery systems are necessary to characterize their quality and efficacy. This review covers the most well-known methods for assessing the cutaneous absorption of drugs as an auxiliary tool for pharmaceutical formulation scientists in the design of drug delivery systems. In vitro methods as skin permeation assays using Franz-type diffusion cells, cutaneous retention and tape-stripping methods to study the cutaneous penetration of drugs, and in vivo evaluations as pre-clinical pharmacokinetic studies in animal models are discussed. Alternative approaches to cutaneous microdialysis are also covered. Recent advances in research on skin absorption of drugs and the effect of skin absorption enhancers, as investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy, Raman confocal microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, are reviewed. Uniterms:Skin absorption/effects/study. Skin absorption/topical formulations. Skin absorption/ transdermal formulations. Skin absorptions/enhancers. INTRODUCTIONTopical and transdermal drug delivery systems have shown significant advantages in clinical practice for drug targeting to the action site in the body; this has reduced the systemic side effects. The administration of drugs by through the skin is also performed to achieve controlled or prolonged drug delivery, and this route can be explored as an alternative to the oral route. The oral route shows some limitations for drugs with irregular absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and low bioavailability and for drugs with increased first pass metabolism and short plasma halflife times (Barry, 2001;Wokovich et al., 2006;Prausnitz, Langer, 2009;Alexander et al., 2012).Many drug products applied to the skin surface may penetrate to some extent into the skin layers, where their effects are expected. This is the case for topical formulations for treatment of skin disorders such as acne and cutaneous inflammatory diseases that include dermatitis, erythematous lupus, and psoriasis. On the other hand, transdermal formulations release drugs that permeate through the skin and enter the systemic circulation. Transdermal therapy must ensure that significant concentrations of the drug are absorbed to reach effective plasma concentrations. Permeation of drugs is targeted in some cases to body regions close to the action site, where a regional effect is expected, e.g., in the muscles, blood vessels, and articulations. In this way, the term "cutaneous absorption" is properly used to characterize the sum of the amounts of drug that penetrate and permeate the skin (Barry, 2001;El Maghraby, Barry;Willi...

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Section: In Vitro Evaluation Of the Skin Permeation Of Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations

Ruela

Perissinato

Lino

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

217

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…DPH has been administered orally, but this method often leads to adverse gastrointestinal effects, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. To avoid these drawbacks, transdermal administration of DPH has been studied and may have advantages compared to oral administration, especially in the elderly [11,12]. When patients have a chronic neurological disorder, transdermal delivery allows for the circumvention of their unwillingness or inability to swallow medicine, and they do not have to remember to take their medication or carry pills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%