A novel equation and nomogram including body weight for estimating prostate volumes in men with biopsy-proven benign prostatic hyperplasia

Abstract

Anthropometric measurements, e.g., body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), as well as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and percent-free PSA (%fPSA) have been shown to have positive correlations with total prostate volume (TPV). We developed an equation and nomogram for estimating TPV, incorporating these predictors in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 1852 men, including 1113 at Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital as a training set and 739 at Cancer Institute Hospital (CIH) as a validation set, with PSA levels of up to 20 ng ml 21 , who underwent extended prostate biopsy and were proved to have BPH, were enrolled in this study. We developed an equation for continuously coded TPV and a logistic regression-based nomogram for estimating a TPV greater than 40 ml. Predictive accuracy and performance characteristics were assessed using an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and calibration plots. The final linear regression model indicated age, PSA, %fPSA and BW as independent predictors of continuously coded TPV. For predictions in the training set, the multiple correlation coefficient was increased from 0.38 for PSA alone to 0.60 in the final model. We developed a novel nomogram incorporating age, PSA, %fPSA and BW for estimating TPV greater than 40 ml. External validation confirmed its predictive accuracy, with AUC value of 0.764. Calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted probability and observed proportion. In conclusion, TPV can be easily estimated using these four independent predictors.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Diagnostic investigations of canine prostatitis incidence together with benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate malignancies, and biochemical recurrence in high-risk prostate cancer as a model for human study

“…The most usual cause of an enlarged canine or human prostate is BPH, which is an age-related increase in prostate volume and weight [4,5]. BPH is rare in men <30 years, but is present in approximately 50 % of men age 60 or greater [6].…”

Predicting the resected tissue weight from a digital rectal examination and total prostate specific antigen level before transurethral resection of the prostate

“…The relationship between age, total PSA level, obesity indices and TRUS-measured PV was reported previously [14,25] . Nevertheless, age and BMI were weakly correlated with RTW in the present study.…”

“…Even in a large population of patients undergoing screening, PSA levels correlate well with the PV measured by a DRE [12] . In addition, recently the metabolic syndrome and obesity have been shown to influence both PSA levels and PV to a great extent [13–16] . Therefore, it was suggested that for an accurate estimation of PV, PSA measurements and obesity indices should be included [13,17] .…”

Limited influence of dutasteride on individual prostate‐specific antigen variability in men with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia

“…Biological PSA variability is known to be <20–46%, based on an intensive repeated PSA testing study . Previous studies have shown that age and PV correlate with PSA value, but not with PSA variability . In the management of BPH patients with significant PSA variability, it would be helpful to bear in mind that dutasteride reduces PSA values by approximately 50% without having an influence on biological PSA variability itself.…”