“…Through simulating the interactions among the individuals in the fish schooling or bird flocking, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been presented in [16] with the purpose of exploring the searching space, which is made possible by automatically adjusting the current velocities and the current positions of the particles according to the competition and cooperation among the particles. Serving as a powerful evolutionary technique, the PSO algorithm is capable of discovering the globally optimal solution in an efficient yet effective way in the research areas of parameter optimization, neural network training, clustering analysis, combination optimization, pattern recognition, image processing and so forth [1,5,6,8,17,20,22,30,32,36,41,46,50].…”