A novel functionalized chitosan nanoadsorbent for efficient elimination of malachite green from aqueous media

Abstract

In this study, a novel chitosan‐based nanoadsorbent has been synthesized by the reaction between nanochitosan and epoxy‐triazinetrione. The commercial cationic dye, malachite green, was chosen as a model dye in order to inspect the adsorption efficiency of the prepared adsorbent. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption process have been explored. According to the results, the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order model can well elucidate the adsorption process. The obtained thermodynamic parameters indicated that the removal process was spontaneous and endothermic (ΔH° = 95.0 kJ mol−1). The effects of several parameters on the dye elimination were studied using the response surface methodology approach. A high adsorption efficiency (95%) was obtained at 29.5 min, pH 7.9, and 7.5 mg of the adsorbent. At this condition, the removal efficiency of the unmodified adsorbent was 65.4%. The novel epoxy‐triazinetrione‐modified chitosan nanosorbent was found to be highly adequate for the treatment of wastewaters containing organic dyes.

A dual-functional sulfone biscompound containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety for decolorization and disinfection of contaminated water

“…Therefore, it is likely that the adsorption process involves physicochemical interactions, exchange, or sharing of electrons between the functional groups of SBPTE and the MG molecules (chemisorption) and that this step is the rate-limiting step. Similar findings have been reported earlier for the adsorption of MG on other adsorbents (Güler et al 2021 ; Igwegbe et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ).…”

“…Recently, the amount of wastewater has increased due to the population growth, industrial development, and increased agricultural and urbanization activities. The discharge of wastewater to the aquatic environment introduces various chemicals such as dyes and pigments, metals, organics, pharmaceuticals, and pathogenic microorganisms which deteriorate the water quality and threaten the life on Earth (Alene et al 2021 ; Igwegbe et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). Among these pollutants, synthetic dyes attracted the researchers’ interest because of their application in various industries, high visibility, resistance to biodegradation, reduction of the photosynthesis process, toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and allergenic effect (Alene et al 2021 ; Güler et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Sartape et al 2017 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ).…”

“…The discharge of wastewater to the aquatic environment introduces various chemicals such as dyes and pigments, metals, organics, pharmaceuticals, and pathogenic microorganisms which deteriorate the water quality and threaten the life on Earth (Alene et al 2021 ; Igwegbe et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). Among these pollutants, synthetic dyes attracted the researchers’ interest because of their application in various industries, high visibility, resistance to biodegradation, reduction of the photosynthesis process, toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and allergenic effect (Alene et al 2021 ; Güler et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Sartape et al 2017 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). Malachite green (MG) is one of the synthetic dyes that is widely used in aquaculture, textile, leather, paper, and food industries (Alene et al 2021 ; Bekçi et al 2008 ; Lin et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ).…”

“…Among these pollutants, synthetic dyes attracted the researchers’ interest because of their application in various industries, high visibility, resistance to biodegradation, reduction of the photosynthesis process, toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and allergenic effect (Alene et al 2021 ; Güler et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Sartape et al 2017 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). Malachite green (MG) is one of the synthetic dyes that is widely used in aquaculture, textile, leather, paper, and food industries (Alene et al 2021 ; Bekçi et al 2008 ; Lin et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). It is a low-cost and easily available basic (cationic) N-methylated diamino triphenyl methane dye (Figure S1 ).…”

“…The decolorization of dye-contaminated water by adsorption technique ensures the removal of the dyes without the formation of toxic by-proudcts that could be formed by the degradation techniques. The structural features of the adsorbent define the effectiveness of the adsorption process (Abdel Ghafar et al 2020 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ).…”