A novel gammaherpesvirus found in oral squamous cell carcinomas in sun bears (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)

Lam, Lydia Ng Ka-On; Garner, Michael M.; Miller, Christine L.; Milne, Victoria E.; Cook, K. A.; Riggs, Gary; Grillo, James; Childress, April L.; Wellehan, James F.X.

doi:10.1177/1040638712472500

Cited by 46 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…5). UrHV-1 is a novel herpesvirus detected by degenerate PCR primers in sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) with oral squamous cell carcinoma (Lam et al, 2013). Phylogenetic analysis shows that UrHV-1 Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recovery of viral sequences corresponding to the alphaherpesviruses, such as equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) and equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV9), have been published in case reports involving captive ursid mortalities (Dombrowski et al, 2016). An investigation of squamous cell carcinomas revealed the presence of a gammaherpesvirus in multiple captive sun bears (Heloarctos malayanus) (Lam et al, 2013). However, successful culture of a gammaherpesvirus of ursine origin has not been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of gammaherpesvirus infection in free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus)

et al. 2019

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A B S T R A C THerpesvirus infection was investigated in black bears (Ursus americanus) with neurological signs and brain lesions of nonsuppurative encephalitis of unknown cause. Visible cytopathic effects (CPE) could only be observed on days 3-5 post-infection in HrT-18G cell line inoculated with bear tissue extracts. The observed CPE in HrT-18G cells included syncytia, intranuclear inclusions, and cell detachments seen in herpesvirus infection in vitro. Herpesvirus-like particles were observed in viral culture supernatant under the electron microscope, however, capsids ranging from 60 nm to 100 nm in size were often observed in viral cultures within the first two passages of propagation. Herpesvirus infection in the bear tissues and tissue cultures were detected by PCR using degenerate primers specific to the DNA polymerase gene (DPOL) and glycoprotein B gene (gB). DNA sequencing of the amplicon revealed that the detected herpesvirus has 94-95% identity to Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1 (UrHV-1) DNA sequences of DPOL. Phylogenetic analysis of DPOL sequences indicates that black bear herpesviruses and UrHV-1 are closely related and have small distances to members of Rhadinovirus. Interestingly, black bear herpesvirus infections were also found in bears without neurological signs. The DPOL DNA sequence of black bear herpesviruses detected in neurological bears were similar to the those detected in the non-neurological bears. However, the gB DNA sequence detected from the neurological bear is different from non-neurological bear and has only 64.5%-70% identity to each other. It is possible that at least two different types of gammaherpesviruses are present in the U. americanus population or several gammaherpesviruses exist in ursine species. phoma, primary effusion lymphoma in human (Moore et al., 1996;Wong and Damania, 2005). However, both HHV-4 and HHV8 are

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of gammaherpesvirus infection in free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus)

et al. 2019

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“…MN685118 to MN685133). The highest sequence identity was observed with the UrHV-1 strains detected in sun bears from zoos in the USA (JX220982) [10], from an Asiatic black bear in Russia (MK089801; unpublished) and from free-ranging black bears in the USA [39] (Fig 3). Phylogenetic analysis suggested UrHV-1 is a shown next to the branches.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 90%

“…A novel gammaherpesvirus (Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1; UrHV-1) detected in four captive sun bears was first described by Lam et al [10]. This newly identified herpesvirus was detected in oral SCC tissue samples, albeit the relationship between the virus and the neoplasia was unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although infectious and non-infectious disease have been recognised as threats to wildlife elsewhere [2][3][4][5] there are no reports of disease in free-ranging sun bears, which may reflect the limited surveillance of this species in the wild. Reports of disease in captive sun bears can be found, including neoplasia [6][7][8][9][10], a small number of infectious disease reports [10][11][12][13], and, the focus of this study, progressive oral lesions [10]. Thus captive sun bears are an important source of health and disease data that ultimately may be applied to their wild counterparts, whether through risk analyses for future releases, or the provision of baseline data to inform study design for disease surveillance in wild sun bears.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and pathological progression of erythematous lip lesions in captive sun bears (Helarctos malayanus)

et al. 2020

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This study investigates the occurrence of erythematous lip lesions in a captive sun bear population in Cambodia, including the progression of cheilitis to squamous cell carcinoma, and the presence of Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1. Visual assessment conducted in 2015 and 2016 recorded the prevalence and severity of lesions. Opportunistic sampling for disease testing was conducted on a subset of 39 sun bears, with histopathological examination of lip and tongue biopsies and PCR testing of oral swabs and tissue biopsies collected during health examinations. Lip lesions were similarly prevalent in 2015 (66.0%) and 2016 (68.3%). Degradation of lip lesion severity was seen between 2015 and 2016, and the odds of having lip lesions, having more severe lip lesions, and having lip lesion degradation over time, all increased with age. Cheilitis was found in all lip lesion biopsies, with histological confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma in 64.5% of cases. Single biopsies frequently showed progression from dysplasia to neoplasia. Eighteen of 31 sun bears (58.1%) had at least one sample positive for Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1. The virus was detected in sun bears with and without lip lesions, however due to case selection being strongly biased towards those showing lip lesions it was not possible to test for association between Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1 and lip squamous cell carcinoma. Given gammaherpesviruses can play a role in cancer development under certain conditions in other species, we believe further investigation into Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1 as one of a number of possible co-factors in the progression of lip lesions to squamous cell carcinoma is warranted. This study highlights the progressively neoplastic nature of this lip lesion syndrome in sun bears which has consequences for captive and re-release management. Similarly, the detection of Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1 should be considered in pre-release risk analyses, at least until data is available on the prevalence of the virus in wild sun bears.

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Ophthalmology of Ursidae: Bears

Hartley

Oliveira²

2022

Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology

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A novel gammaherpesvirus found in oral squamous cell carcinomas in sun bears (Helarctos malayanus)

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Identification of gammaherpesvirus infection in free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus)

Identification of gammaherpesvirus infection in free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus)

Epidemiology and pathological progression of erythematous lip lesions in captive sun bears (Helarctos malayanus)

Ophthalmology of Ursidae: Bears

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