A novel index for the study of synergistic effects during the co-processing of coal and biomass

Abstract

Tao (2017) A novel index for the study of synergistic effects during the co-processing of coal and biomass. Applied Energy, 188 . pp. 215-225. ISSN 0306-2619 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40535/1/A%20novel%20index%20for%20the%20study%20of %20synergistic%20effects%20during%20the%20co-processing%201%20of%20coal%20and %20biomass.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. In this study, synergistic interaction between coal and biomass and its intensity was for co-firing at coal-fired power stations, which intend to improve combustion performance 28 of poor quality coal by enhancing synergistic interactions during co-processing.29

Investigation on the interactions among lignocellulosic constituents and minerals of biomass and their influences on co-firing

“…Similarly, the low-temperature ash (LTA) of the biomass was prepared by using a plasma ashing device (PR300, Yamato, Japan). The whole ashing process was carried out below 150 °C to avoid the release of AAEMs in biomass during ashing, which followed the process described elsewhere [36].…”

Catalytic and non-catalytic synergistic effects and their individual contributions to improved combustion performance of coal/biomass blends

“…This will help in determining the degree of catalytic impact of biomass ash on combustion characteristics of the coal sample. The low temperature ashing of oat straw was performed using methods detailed elsewhere [36].…”

“…and (5) as detailed in our previous study [36]. The S.I is a synergy index (°C -3 min -1/2 ) and can be calculated using Equation (4):…”

“…The variations in 2 nd peak and burnout temperatures (Figure 6) are not an effective marker for quantifying the extent of synergy. Therefore synergy factor (S.F) was calculated for all the samples as described by Oladejo, Adegbite [36]. This provides a measure of the extent of catalytic, non-catalytic and combined synergistic effect of oat straw on the coal sample.…”

“…As explained in sections 3.4 and 3.5, both non-catalytic and catalytic synergistic effects increases the yield of low-molecular weight species by fragmentation, ring opening, and dehydration. In addition, they promote complete decomposition of lighter volatile species which results in the formation of porous and highly reactive char with better burnout properties [36,37]. This would unavoidably lead to an extent of synergy suppression (either catalytic or non-catalytic or both) due to the overlapping of both the organic and inorganic constituent of biomass competing for coal char, making the reaction significantly more perplexing.…”