A Novel Index Using Soluble CD36 Is Associated with the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Comparison Study with Triglyceride-Glucose Index

Abstract

BackgroundPlasma soluble cluster determinant 36 (sCD36) level is closely related with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, but little is known whether it could be a surrogate for estimating risk of developing diabetes or not. To address this, we evaluated association between sCD36 index, the product of sCD36 and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and then compared with triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index which has been suggested simple index for insulin resistance.MethodsThis was cross-sectional study, and participants were classified as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and T2DM according to glucose tolerance. The formula of TyG index was ‘ln [FPG (mg/dL)×triglyceride (mg/dL)/2],’ and the sCD36 index was ‘ln [sCD36 (pg/mL)×FPG (mg/dL)/2].’ResultsOne hundred and fifty-five subjects (mean age, 55.2 years) were enrolled, and patients with T2DM were 75. Both indexes were significantly increased in prediabetes and T2DM rather than NGT, and sCD36 index was positively correlated with both glycosylated hemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.767 and r=0.453, respectively; P<0.05) and negatively with homeostasis model assessment estimate of β-cell function (r=−0.317). The odds ratio (OR) of sCD36 index for T2DM was 4.39 (95% confidential interval, 1.51 to 12.77) after adjusting age, gender, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. However, OR of TyG index did not remained significance after adjustment.ConclusionsCD36 index has an independent association with the risk of T2DM, and showed better correlation than TyG index. These results suggest sCD36 index might be useful surrogate marker for the risk of diabetes.

The Multifunctionality of CD36 in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications—Update in Pathogenesis, Treatment and Monitoring

“…The association with the risk of T2DM has also been described, but it was not independent of fasting glucose, insulin, or adiposity [ 76 , 79 ]. The sCD36 index proposed by Kim et al [ 80 ] seems to be a better marker of T2DM risk in the general population than the concentration of sCD36. It is calculated with concentrations of sCD36 and fasting glucose in plasma and is independent of other risk factors.…”

The triglyceride-glucose index as an indicator of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian adolescents

“…( 33) found a stronger correlation of TyG than of HOMA-IR with arterial stiffness. Compared to hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, TyG was more accurate (34)(35)(36)(37).…”

Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: Simvastatin, Insulin Resistance and Lipids

“…TyG index, the product of fasting glucose and TG in the blood, has been proposed as a simple method for determining IR in healthy subjects [8,10]. The use of the HOMA-IR homeostasis model [11,12], the insulin suppression test [8], and the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp [11,12] suggested that the TyG index correlates with IR [13]. TyG indexes are reported to be elevated in T2DM patients compared to parameters in patients with prediabetes [13][14][15][16].…”

“…For example, although TG has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for DM, the TG level is strongly influenced by a high carbohydrate diet, alcohol consumption, and lifestyles such as exercise. However, due to its convenience and relatively low cost, TG measurements are widely conducted in clinical practice [13]. an LDL-C reduction to a mean of 82 mg/dL was accompanied by a 37% reduction in major cardiovascular events compared with placebo.…”