A Novel Investigation Method for the S21 Detection Circuit

Abstract

This research proposes a novel method to investigate the performance of the S21 detection circuit. Aiming at low frequencies or DC, the method serves as an efficient way of verification and enjoys the benefit of low testing costs. The novel investigation method is demonstrated at 50 MHz and verified by the scattering parameters at 11.05 GHz. Based on the investigation, a model of process variations is constructed. The length of the interface paths is estimated by the model to be 63µm, which is consistent with the corresponding length of 74.6µm in the layout. For the measured phase and magnitude, the model indicates that the process variations in the device under test cause errors of 18.91% and 1.27%, whereas those in the interface paths lead to errors of 1.83% and 1%. Based on the model, practical recommendations are also proposed to further improve the measurement precision in the future.

A 20-GHz On-Chip Six-Port Reflectometer Using Simple Lumped Passive Devices and Bipolar Junction Transistors

“…For an SPR that is easy to implement in ICs, it can help perform on-chip measurement of scattering parameters [19] and reduce the testing costs of microwave and millimeter wave chips. Such capability is of great importance in maximizing the profit of commercial high-frequency on-chip components, such as the on-chip antennas [20,21].…”

Knowledge of nosocomial infections, standard precautions, and source of information among physiotherapy undergraduates in Sri Lanka; an observational study

“…In Sri Lanka, multidisciplinary teams work together to take care of patients and these hospital environments provide a favorable transmission pathway for nosocomial infections, due to poor practices of infection control among health care workers as well as overcrowding of patients in most clinical settings [ 5 ]. Physiotherapists and physiotherapy students have close contact with patients throughout the examination and treatment process, similar to all other healthcare professionals [ 7 ]. If they have sufficient knowledge of standard precautions, they can prevent transmission between patients [ 7 ].…”

“…Physiotherapists and physiotherapy students have close contact with patients throughout the examination and treatment process, similar to all other healthcare professionals [ 7 ]. If they have sufficient knowledge of standard precautions, they can prevent transmission between patients [ 7 ].…”

“…Although there are several studies that have assessed knowledge of NIs and standard precautions among other health care professionals and health care students worldwide and in Sri Lanka [ 1 , 6 – 11 ], there are only a few studies carried out among physiotherapy professionals and students in this field [ 7 ]. Further, these studies encourage researchers to conduct more studies in this field to measure knowledge and practice and to identify the gaps to address them [ 7 ].…”