A novel mapping technique to detect non–pulmonary vein triggers: A case report of self-reference mapping technique

Utility of a 64-pole basket catheter to detect non–pulmonary vein trigger in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

“…Self-reference mapping using the Pen-taRay catheter (Biosense Webster) is another strategy, documented by Matsunaga-Lee. 8 However, the authors mention that use of these multielectrode catheters is limited by the need to reproduce the AF in the same site.…”

Clinical Significance of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels at 3 Months after Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

“…After circumferential bilateral PV isolation, continuous isoproterenol infusion and a rapid adenosine triphosphate injection were administered to induce non-PV triggers. Subsequently, the non-PV triggers were ablated using self-reference mapping techniques reported in a previous study [ 8 ]. Additional ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus, superior vena cava, or left atrial posterior wall was performed at the operator’s discretion.…”

2019 APHRS expert consensus statement on three‐dimensional mapping systems for tachycardia developed in collaboration with HRS, EHRA, and LAHRS

“…Advancements in mapping and alternative energy modalities with 3D navigation are likely to play an important role in non‐PV ectopy ablation. The noncontact mapping (NCM) system (EnSite Array, Abbott, St. Paul, MN) and the body surface 252‐electrode vest (CardioInsight Mapping Vest, Medtronic, Inc) have the specific advantage of their ability to map extrapulmonary vein ectopy and macroreentrant circuits that can initiate and maintain AF, because of their high‐resolution capability and the feasibility of analyzing a single beat. These tools are useful for the identification of non‐PV ectopies using only a single beat for analysis.…”