A Novel Method for Determination of the Natural Toxin Ptaquiloside in Ground and Drinking Water

Skrbic, Natasa; Pedersen, Ann-Katrin; Christensen, Sarah Christine Boesgaard; Hansen, Hans Christian Bruun; Rasmussen, Lars Holm

doi:10.3390/w12102852

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Groundwater may, therefore, be a source of PTA exposure for humans in bracken infested areas. Recently, Skrbic and co-workers (2020) found PTA and caudatoside and pterosins in shallow groundwater wells and proved the hypothesis to be true [14,21]. The aim of this study was to quantify the stability of PTA under near-natural conditions in Danish groundwaters and to test if the hydrolysis kinetics found in the laboratory (Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Does the natural carcinogen ptaquiloside degrade readily in groundwater?

Clauson-Kaas

Lindqvist

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Eur

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Ptaquiloside (PTA) is a natural carcinogen found in bracken ferns. PTA is released from the plants via soil to surface and groundwaters from where humans can be exposed via drinking water. Primary degradation of PTA is due to hydrolysis with formation of pterosin B (PTB). Temperature and pH determine the rate of hydrolysis under pure experimental conditions. To assess the applicability of the experimental model to natural groundwaters, PTA degradation kinetics were examined in a range of natural groundwaters at environmentally relevant conditions. Results PTA was quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Over an 80-day study period, PTA half-lives ranged from 6.5 to 47 days (natural pH; 8.0 °C). The fastest degradation was observed for the most alkaline groundwaters with pH of around 8. Rates of degradation were well predicted using an existing mathematical model for hydrolysis. However, deviations from this model were found, especially at the extremes of the examined pH-range (4.7–8.2). The degree of conversion of PTA to PTB was close to unity around neutral pH. However, at slightly acidic conditions, formation of PTB could only count for 9% of the degraded PTA, indicating formation of other products. Conclusions Degradation of PTA in groundwater is determined by pH and temperature, and PTA can prevail for months under slightly acid to neutral pH conditions. The existing laboratory-based model for PTA hydrolysis is generally applicable for groundwaters but needs further validation at high and low pH.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Does the natural carcinogen ptaquiloside degrade readily in groundwater?

Clauson-Kaas

Lindqvist

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Eur

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They have utilized a C18 porous shell rapid resolution high definition column (Agilent) for LC separation, and the MS/MS interfaced with an Agilent Jetstream ionization that remarkably enhanced the sensitivity as compared to ESI, which has been adopted by most of the investigators. The importance of sample (ground and drinking water) preservation before LC‐MS analysis during PTD determination was discussed by Skrbic et al (2020). The developed preservation method utilized Plackett–Burman experimental design while testing variables such as water type, bottle type, filtering, pH, storage temperature, transportation conditions, and test time.…”

Section: Types Of Bio‐toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advancements in LC‐MS based analysis of biotoxins: Present and future challenges

Panda

Dash

Manickam

et al. 2021

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There has been a rising concern regarding the harmful impact of biotoxins, source of origin, and the determination of the specific type of toxin. With numerous reports on their extensive spread, biotoxins pose a critical challenge to figure out their parent groups, metabolites, and concentration. In that aspect, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) based analysis paves the way for its accurate identification and quantification. The biotoxins are ideally categorized as phytotoxins, mycotoxins, shellfish‐toxins, ciguatoxins, cyanotoxins, and bacterial toxins such as tetrodotoxins. Considering the diverse nature of biotoxins, both low‐resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods have been implemented for their detection. The sample preparation strategy for complex matrix usually includes “QuEChERS” extraction or solid‐phase extraction coupled with homogenization and centrifugation. For targeted analysis of biotoxins, the LRMS consisting of a tandem mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode has been widely implemented. With the help of the reference standard, most of the toxins were accurately quantified. At the same time, the suspect screening and nontarget screening approach are facilitated by the HRMS platforms during the absence of reference standards. Significant progress has also been made in sampling device employment, utilizing novel sample preparation strategies, synthesizing toxin standards, employing hybrid MS platforms, and the associated data interpretation. This critical review attempts to elucidate the progress in LC‐MS based analysis in the determination of biotoxins while pointing out major challenges and suggestions for future development.

show abstract

“…Finally, when natural toxins are already present in the water, they may be removed by water treatment at water works, e.g., by means of hydrolysis, microbial degradation in sand filters or advanced oxidation methods [43][44][45]. The major challenge is here for private and small scale water abstraction utilities that use water from smaller reservoirs and upper groundwaters, and employ no or very simple water treatment [46].…”

Section: Regulation Land Management and Water Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural toxins: environmental contaminants calling for attention

2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biosynthetic toxic compounds from plants and cyanobacteria constitute a chemically diverse family of at least 20,000 compounds. Recent work with natural toxin databases and toxin characterization shows that the majority of natural toxins are polar and mobile, with toxicity ranging from low to very high, while persistence is highly variable. Natural toxins may be produced in high quantities—some exceeding 10 g/m2/year—resulting in high environmental loads. Recent phytotoxin monitoring indicates that one or more natural toxin is always present in a surface water sample, but that concentrations are highly variable often with pulses during rain events. Phytotoxins belong to many classes, but often with flavonoids and alkaloids dominating. Likewise, advanced monitoring discovers a wide spectrum of cyanobacterial metabolites that are released directly into surface waters during water blooms. Except of the few known cyanobacterial toxins, we have very limited info regarding their environmental fate and toxicity.The 16 papers in this article collection present examples of natural toxin occurrence, properties, fate and toxicity. The overarching conclusion is that natural toxins should be monitored and characterized regarding their risk potential, and that natural toxins of greatest expected risk should be evaluated as thoroughly as industrial xenobiotics. Cyanotoxins are well known water contaminants that should be removed for producing drinking water, while for phytotoxins the current knowledge base is very limited. We advocate to intensify research on natural toxins, and to address the evident knowledge gaps on natural toxin analysis/monitoring, physical–chemical properties and degradation/pathways, transport modelling, and toxicity. The complex and dynamic interplays between biotic and site conditions such as vegetation, toxic plant densities, climate, soil types, nutrients and radiation, play decisive roles for both biotoxin formation and fate. Environmental and toxicological research in biosynthesized compounds extends beyond natural toxins, with important perspectives for risk assessment of biopesticides, growth regulators and biomedicine (or biologicals collectively) produced by plants and microorganisms.

show abstract

A Novel Method for Determination of the Natural Toxin Ptaquiloside in Ground and Drinking Water

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Does the natural carcinogen ptaquiloside degrade readily in groundwater?

Does the natural carcinogen ptaquiloside degrade readily in groundwater?

Recent advancements in LC‐MS based analysis of biotoxins: Present and future challenges

Natural toxins: environmental contaminants calling for attention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About