A novel method for determination of patulin in apple juices by GC–MS

Kharandi, Niloofar; Babri, Mehran; Azad, Jila

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.080

Cited by 55 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For the GC–MS analysis, a protocol developed by Kharandi et al . () was used. The analyses were conducted with a GC 7890A gas chromatograph (Agilent, USA) equipped with a DB‐5MS capillary column (30 m/0.25 mm/0.25 mm) and coupled with an Agilent 7000B mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of patulin biosynthesis, spatial control and regulation mechanism in Penicillium expansum

Chen

Zong

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary The patulin biosynthesis is one of model pathways in an understanding of secondary metabolite biology and network novelties in fungi. However, molecular regulation mechanism of patulin biosynthesis and contribution of each gene related to the different catalytic enzymes in the biochemical steps of the pathway remain largely unknown in fungi. In this study, the genetic components of patulin biosynthetic pathway were systematically dissected in Penicillium expansum, which is an important fungal pathogen and patulin producer in harvested fruits and vegetables. Our results revealed that all the 15 genes in the cluster are involved in patulin biosynthesis. Proteins encoded by those genes are compartmentalized in various subcellular locations, including cytosol, nucleus, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane and cell wall. The subcellular localizations of some proteins, such as PatE and PatH, are required for the patulin production. Further, the functions of eight enzymes in the 10‐step patulin biosynthetic pathway were verified in P. expansum. Moreover, velvet family proteins, VeA, VelB and VelC, were proved to be involved in the regulation of patulin biosynthesis, but not VosA. These findings provide a thorough understanding of the biosynthesis pathway, spatial control and regulation mechanism of patulin in fungi.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of patulin biosynthesis, spatial control and regulation mechanism in Penicillium expansum

Chen

Zong

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Numerous analytical protocols utilizing among others near-infrared fluorescence assay (Pennacchio et al 2015), thin-layer chromatography (Welke et al 2009), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Kharandi et al 2013), and liquid chromatography with various detection modalities (UV absorbance, mass spectrometry) have been developed for patulin quantification, especially in apple-based products. However, the works published within the last 10 years clearly indicate that a steady monitoring of patulin contamination should not be limited to apples and apple-based products but must be carried out in all fruit commodities to provide proper assessment of health risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview

2018

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Patulin is a mycotoxin that exhibits a number of toxic effects in animals. The main sources of patulin intake in human diet that was shown for EU consumers are apple juice and nectar and for this reason, apple-based food is most often monitored for this mycotoxin. However, the presence of patulin in other fruits, including stone fruits, and soft fruits has been reported as well. Most of them are seasonal, suitable for consumption for short time, and are usually processed in order to be commercially available throughout the year. Patulin can also be generated during food storage and remains stable over food processing procedures. Therefore, constant monitoring of different fruit-based products ought to be carried out to provide proper estimation of human exposure to this toxin. The preferred approach used for mycotoxin determination in a variety of foods is liquid chromatography (LC) allowing quantitative analysis of patulin content. This paper presents recently proposed LC methods with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection for patulin quantification in fruits and derived products. We focus on developments in sample preparation and the applied analytical conditions.

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“…Moreover, the high polarity of patulin causes its elution with polar interferences and thus matrix effect problems can be observed. After the derivatization of patulin, GC coupled with MS was also used to reach lower detection limits .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical comparison of the on‐line and off‐line molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction of patulin coupled with liquid chromatography

Lhotská

Holznerová

Solich

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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Reaching trace amounts of mycotoxin contamination requires sensitive and selective analytical tools for their determination. Improving the selectivity of sample pretreatment steps covering new and modern extraction techniques is one way to achieve it. Molecularly imprinted polymers as selective sorbent for extraction undoubtedly meet these criteria. The presented work is focused on the hyphenation of on-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction with a chromatography system using a column-switching approach. Making a critical comparison with a simultaneously developed off-line extraction procedure, evaluation of pros and cons of each method, and determining the reliability of both methods on a real sample analysis were carried out. Both high-performance liquid chromatography methods, using off-line extraction on molecularly imprinted polymer and an on-line column-switching approach, were validated, and the validation results were compared against each other. Although automation leads to significant time savings, fewer human errors, and required no handling of toxic solvents, it reached worse detection limits (15 versus 6 μg/L), worse recovery values (68.3-123.5 versus 81.2-109.9%), and worse efficiency throughout the entire clean-up process in comparison with the off-line extraction method. The difficulties encountered, the compromises made during the optimization of on-line coupling and their critical evaluation are presented in detail.

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A novel method for determination of patulin in apple juices by GC–MS

Cited by 55 publications

References 20 publications

Dissection of patulin biosynthesis, spatial control and regulation mechanism in Penicillium expansum

Dissection of patulin biosynthesis, spatial control and regulation mechanism in Penicillium expansum

Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview

Critical comparison of the on‐line and off‐line molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction of patulin coupled with liquid chromatography

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