A Novel Method for the Analysis of Discharged Smokeless Powder Residues

Müller, Daniel R.; Levy, Aharon; Vinokurov, Asya; Ravreby, Mark; Shelef, Ran; Wolf, Ehud; Eldar, Baruch; Glattstein, Baruch

doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00309.x

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Esate baterako, gas-kromatografiaren kasuan, energia termikoaren detektagailuarekin (TEA) [41], elektroi harrapaketaren detektagailuarekin (ECD) [42] eta masa-espektrometriarekin (MS) [43,44] batera erabili dira. Halere, gas-kromatografian erabiltzen diren tenperatura altuek nitroglizerinaren eta nitrosodifenilaminen degradazioa eragiten dute [3,27,45].…”

Section: Tiro-aztarna Organikoen Analisiaunclassified

Tiro-aztarnen identifikazioa, auzitegi-laborategien erronka

Unceta

Grijalba²,

Benito³

et al. 2015

EKAIA

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Laburpena: Azken urteotan, su-armen erabilera nabarmen handitu da gure gizartean eta horrek tiro egin ondoren sortutako partikulen analisirako metodologia berriak garatzea ekarri du. Krimenaren gertalekuan tiro-aztarnak (gunshot residue, GSR) osatzen dituzten konposatuen detekzioak eta identifikazioak su-armen erabileraren ebidentzia fidagarria eskaintzen dute. Tiro-aztarnak erretako eta erre gabeko partikulen multzoa dira, munizioa erretzen denean sortutakoak eta su-armak berak, jaurtigaiak eta kartutxoak askatutako konposatuez osatuak. Tiro egin ostean, partikulak tiroa gertatu den tokiaren inguruan jalkitzen dira, baina, batez ere, tiratzailearen gorputzean (eskuak, sudurra eta ilea) eta arropetan. Gaur egun, GSR partikulen ohiko analisia konposatu ez-organikoen identifikazioan oinarritzen da. Konposatu organikoen azterketak (organic gunshot residues, OGSR) lagin baten froga-balioa indartu dezake. Hala ere, gutxi dira OGSRen dudarik gabeko identifikaziorako guztiz sentikorrak diren metodoak. Lan honetan, beraz, tiro-aztarnen lagin-biltzea eta analisirako teknika aipagarrienak laburbildu eta berrikusten dira. Hitz-gakoak:Auzitegiko zientzia, tiro-aztarna ez-organikoak (IGSR), tiro aztarna organikoak (OGSR), lagin-biltzea, metodo analitikoak. Abstract:In the last years, the use of firearms has increased considerably in our society which has raised the development of new analytical methodologies in order to detect the particles formed during shooting. The detection and identification of compounds consistent with gunshot residues (GSR) in a crime scene provides forensic evidence of the use of firearms. These particles are a set of burned and unburned particles formed as a result of the combustion process of ammunition and contain components expelled from the firearm itself, the projectile and the cartridge case. After the discharge, particles are deposited on all surfaces in the vicinity where the shot has taken place but mainly in shooter's body (hands, nose and hair) and clothing. Currently, conventional analysis of GRS is focused on inorganic components. The study of organic components may strengthen the probative value of a sample. However, only a few studies propose analytical methods sensitive enough to identify OGSR. The cur-

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Section: Tiro-aztarna Organikoen Analisiaunclassified

Tiro-aztarnen identifikazioa, auzitegi-laborategien erronka

Unceta

Grijalba²,

Benito³

et al. 2015

EKAIA

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“…In particular, smokeless powder constituents can be identied using ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS), 29 gas chromatography coupled to either a thermal energy analyzer (GC/TEA) or a mass spectrometer (GC/MS), 30 and capillary electrochromatography.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mapping explosive residues on galvanized pipe bomb fragments using total vaporization solid phase microextraction (TV-SPME)

Bors

Goodpaster

2015

Anal. Methods

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Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a popular sampling technique whereby analytes are sorbed to a coated fiber and subsequently desorbed into an analytical instrument. In headspace SPME, analytes partition between the sample, the headspace above the sample, and the SPME fiber coating. In total vaporization SPME (TV-SPME), sample extracts are heated until both the solvent and analytes completely vaporize, whereupon the analytes partition between the vapor phase and the SPME fiber. In this study, TV-SPME using a polyethylene glycol fiber was coupled with fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify components of double-base smokeless powder (DBSP). Nitroglycerin (NG), diphenylamine (DPA) and ethyl centralite (EC) were separated in under 5 min. For NG, the optimal sample volume (70 mL), extraction temperature (60 C) and extraction time (20 min) resulted in a method that was over twelve fold more sensitive than traditional liquid injection and with a detection limit below 1 ppb. This method was then used to quantify DBSP residue on post-blast debris from five galvanized steel pipe bombs. The mean concentration of NG on the fragments was 0.25 ppm (w/w). An average of 1.01 mg of NG was recovered from the devices. Finally, the distribution of NG could be "mapped" by tracking the original locations of each fragment within the device. These maps showed that the distribution of NG was far from uniform. In fact, the concentration of the NG on fragments originating from the end caps was several fold higher than in other locations. This finding can help guide the selection of bomb fragments for chemical analyses in real-world scenarios.

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“…KEYWORDS: forensic science, GSR, AFM, shooting distance, FTIR ⁄ ATR The detection and analysis of gun-shot residue (GSR) is essential for approximating the firing distance (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) and verifying whether a suspect has fired a gun (4,7,8). The most commonly used technique in characterization of GSR is currently the technique of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the attachment, X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) (7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimation of shooting distance, when combined with other evidence, is important in reconstructing shooting events. The appearance of the bullet entrance hole and the GSR patterns around the hole are usually used to estimate the firing distance (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). A variety of chemical and physical methods have been applied to obtain the GSR patterns (4)(5)(6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Shooting Distance by AFM and FTIR/ATR Analysis of GSR

Mou

Lakadwar

Rabalais

2008

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR ⁄ ATR) spectroscopy are applied to the analysis of gun-shot residue (GSR) to test their ability to determine shooting distance and discrimination of the powder manufacturers. AFM is a nondestructive technique that is capable of characterizing the shapes and size distributions of GSR particles with resolution down to less than a nanometer. This may be useful for estimation of the shooting distance. Our AFM images of GSR show that the size distribution of the particles is inversely proportional to the shooting distance. Discrimination of powder manufacturers is tested by FTIR ⁄ ATR investigation of GSR. Identifying the specific compounds in the GSR by FTIR ⁄ ATR was not possible because it is a mixture of the debris of several compounds that compose the residue. However, it is shown that the GSR from different cartridges has characteristic FTIR ⁄ ATR bands that may be useful in differentiating the powder manufacturers. It appears promising that the development of AFM and FTIR ⁄ ATR databases for various powder manufacturers may be useful in analysis and identification of GSR.

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A Novel Method for the Analysis of Discharged Smokeless Powder Residues

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Tiro-aztarnen identifikazioa, auzitegi-laborategien erronka

Tiro-aztarnen identifikazioa, auzitegi-laborategien erronka

Mapping explosive residues on galvanized pipe bomb fragments using total vaporization solid phase microextraction (TV-SPME)

Evaluation of Shooting Distance by AFM and FTIR/ATR Analysis of GSR

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