A novel method for the synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and urea

Al-Mulla, Emad A. Jaffar; Issam, A. M.; Al-Janabi, Khalid Waleed S.

doi:10.1016/j.crci.2013.12.012

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The reduction in the biodiesel yield per cycle is attributed to increasing blockage of the catalyst pores [1,19,32]. As obtained, 1.0 g of the MKEC was recovered and reused for the reaction in the fifth run, meanwhile, only 0.73 g of the KEC was recovered and reused.…”

Section: Stability and Comparative Reusability Studies: Kec And Mkecmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The MKEC was used during the transesterification process to investigate its activities and efficacy as compared with KEC. The transesterification of the neem seed oil was carried out using a 250 mL two-necked flask equipped with a condenser and a magnetic stirrer in a water bath as previously described with some modifications [1,9]. Appropriate amounts of neem oil, methanol, and MKEC catalyst were introduced into the reaction flask and stirred.…”

Section: Transesterification Reaction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FAME yield (%) was evaluated using Eq. ( 1): FAME yield ð%Þ ¼ Fame content from GC analysis Â weight of biodiesel weight of neem seed oil Â 100 (1) The experiments were repeated three times, and the average value for the measured data was used.…”

Section: Transesterification Reaction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossil oil resources are of great importance because they generate significant amounts of energy, nevertheless their production and use have significant environmental and health impacts, including global warming, environmental pollution, and degradation [1,2]. In addition, the global fluctuation in petroleum prices and the emission of greenhouse gases have necessitated the search for alternative fuel from renewable sources [1e3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel is commonly produced by transesterification of vegetable oils and alcohol in the presence of a suitable homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. There are several shortcomings to the use of the homogeneous catalysts, including the difficulty in product isolation [1,6]. To overcome the soap formation, huge amounts of wastewater, and environmental pollution during the production of biodiesel, researchers have focused on heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification [4e8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Magnetic recyclable eggshell-based mesoporous catalyst for biodiesel production from crude neem oil: Process optimization by central composite design and artificial neural network

Oladipo

Ajayi

Oladipo³

et al. 2018

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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A magnetically recyclable eggshell-based catalyst (MKEC) was synthesized to circumvent saponification during the conversion of neem, Jatropha, and waste cooking oils (free fatty acid, 2.3e6.6%) to biodiesel. The characterization results indicated that MKEC had a mesoporous structure with the pore width of 3.24 nm, a specific surface area of 128 m 2 /g, and a pore volume of 0.045 cm 3 /g. The results confirmed that the MKEC is more tolerant to fatty acid poisoning than calcined eggshell. The effects of process parameters for maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content were evaluated by central composite design (CCD) and artificial neural network (ANN). The experimental FAME content of 94.5% was achieved for neem oil with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.68, which was in reasonable agreement with predicted values (CCD, 96.9%; ANN, 95.9%; SD, 0.73). The reusability studies showed that the mesoporous catalyst can be reused efficiently for five cycles without much deterioration in its activity.

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Section: Stability and Comparative Reusability Studies: Kec And Mkecmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Transesterification Reaction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transesterification Reaction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Magnetic recyclable eggshell-based mesoporous catalyst for biodiesel production from crude neem oil: Process optimization by central composite design and artificial neural network

Oladipo

Ajayi

Oladipo³

et al. 2018

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Electrochemical oxidation effect of ascorbic acid on mercury ions in blood sample using cyclic voltammetry

et al. 2015

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A modification glassy carbon electrode was fabricated as biosensors by mechanical attachment with carbon nanotubes to detect the effect of different concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) on mercury ions in blood of human healthy samples using cyclic voltammetric technique. The oxidation potential peak of mercury ions in blood medium was appeared at 0.2 V, while the same peak in KCl as a supporting electrolyte appeared at 0.25-0.3 V. It was observed that the different concentrations of AA which are added to the mercury ions enhanced the oxidation current peak by raising the formation of decomposition complex in blood composition. This phenomenon appears while using seafood with lemon juice (as AA) which leads to the death if the percentage of mercury ions in the seafood was high. AA with mercury ions in blood media works as electrocatalysis by enhancing the oxidation current peak of mercury ions. It was very important to use the biosensor in the higher indicating analysis of the decomposition of the damage blood with higher sensitivity.

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Fabrication and characterization of grafted polymer electrode self modification with activated carbon

Radhi

2015

Int J Ind Chem

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A new grafted polymer electrode self modified with activated carbon (GPESMAC) was fabricated and electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetric analysis. The polystyrene was used as polymer grafted with acrylonitrile as a monomer and activated carbon as improvement material using gamma irradiation to produce a new copolymer. The redox process of K 3 Fe(CN) 6 during cyclic voltammetry was studied with the new working electrode (GPESMAC) by cyclic voltammetric analysis. The physical properties of these electrodes have high hardness, insolubility, and stability at different high temperatures. Also, the sensitivity under conditions of cyclic voltammetry is significantly dependent on different scan rate and concentrations. The GPESMAC was characterized by surface analytical methods including SEM and AFM. Interestingly, the redox reaction of Fe(III) solution using GPESMAC remained constant even after 15 cycles. It is therefore evident that the GPESMAC possesses some degree of stability. The potential use of the grafted polymer as a useful electrode material is therefore clearly evident. It is through the study of applications in quantitative and qualitative analysis proved that the conductivity of grafted polymer with activated carbon is highly efficient and stability compared with the commercial solid electrodes and modified by mechanical means or by evaporating the solvent, such as glassy carbon electrode. On the other hand an enhancement of redox current peaks and high detection limits effective species such as Fe(II)/Fe(III) was studied.

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A novel method for the synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and urea

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Magnetic recyclable eggshell-based mesoporous catalyst for biodiesel production from crude neem oil: Process optimization by central composite design and artificial neural network

Magnetic recyclable eggshell-based mesoporous catalyst for biodiesel production from crude neem oil: Process optimization by central composite design and artificial neural network

Electrochemical oxidation effect of ascorbic acid on mercury ions in blood sample using cyclic voltammetry

Fabrication and characterization of grafted polymer electrode self modification with activated carbon

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