A novel method for water impurity concentration using microstrip resonator sensor

Abstract

Water pollution is one of the severe problems that have a crippling effect on public hygiene. The detection of impurities present in the water is of high priority to battle its effects. In this paper, we propose a novel method to perform detection of such impurities by exploiting the dielectric constant variations caused by its presence. We present a microstrip resonator that measures the dielectric constant (relative permittivity) of the water by means of variation in resonant frequency. The design makes use of Defected ground structure (DGS) for enhanced resonance. The electromagnetic field distribution, resonant frequency and quality factor of the design are computed and analyzed. The microstrip resonator presented here has some virtues such as simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost etc. The resonator has been simulated using HFSS 9.

Review on water quality monitoring technologies

“…It is suitable for the low permittivity material measurement with the accuracy better than 5%. Another example for microstrip structure is microstrip resonator where the dielectric properties is measured based on the resonant frequency shifting [37]. According to [38], a microstrip resonator has been presented to measure the dielectric properties of water sample.…”

“…A microstrip patch antenna has also been used as a sensor for dielectric measurement and was be found that it has a better sensitivity compared to microstrip line. It can be used for higher dielectric constant measurement as the sample can be interacted not only at fringing field but also to the near and radiated fields [39]. A work which implement the electronic band gap (EBG) has been presented to measure the industrial waste water and achieve a significant resonant frequency shifting high sensitivity [40].…”

Monitoring of Nitrates and Phosphates in Wastewater: Current Technologies and Further Challenges

“…In particular, microwave sensing is a developing technology which has been successfully used as a sensing method for various industrial applications including water solution concentrations [35] and water level measurements [36], material moisture content [37,38], for continuous process monitoring for biogas plants [39] and of course in the healthcare industry, for example for non-invasive real-time monitoring of glucose in diabetic patients [40,41]. powers vary at discrete frequency intervals, the change in the signal can be linked to the composition of the object under test.…”

“…The use of the electromagnetic waves for sensing purposes is an actively researched approach [32][33][34] with considerable potential for commercialisation. In particular, microwave sensing is a developing technology which has been successfully used as a sensing method for various industrial applications including water solution concentrations [35] and water level measurements [36], material moisture content [37,38], for continuous process monitoring for biogas plants [39] and of course in the healthcare industry, for example for non-invasive real-time monitoring of glucose in diabetic patients [40,41].…”

Design and implementation of a non-invasive real-time microwave sensor for assessing water hardness in heat exchangers

“…These include but not limited to the detection of material moisture content and material characterization in construction industry. Examples include moisture detection in concrete blocks, bitumen characterization [12,13], monitoring of fluid level in process industries [14], for continuous process monitoring of plants [15], and in the healthcare industries, for example a real-time monitoring of glucose in diabetic patients [16] and for non-invasive monitoring of body fluids [17].…”