A novel microfluidic microplate as the next generation assay platform for enzyme linked immunoassays (ELISA)

Kai, Junhai; Puntambekar, Aniruddha; Santiago, Nelson; Lee, Se Hwan; Sehy, David; Moore, Victor S.; Han, Jungyoup; Ahn, Chong H.

doi:10.1039/c2lc40585g

Cited by 85 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…58,75 Similarly, in one demonstration, spiral microchannels were fabricated into the reaction chambers of 96-well plates to provide increased surface area, efficient mass transport, and compatibility with a standardized immunoassay format while also leveraging the benefits of CCs. 76 More recently, functionalized microbeads have been used to increase surface area and improve the efficiency of mass transport within CCs. 45,[77][78][79] Beads can be readily functionalized in batch mode while reducing issues related to surface anisotropy, depletion, and edge effects that can afflict surface-coated conduits and confound assay results.…”

Section: Reaction Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

et al. 2018

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Microfluidics offer economy of reagents, rapid liquid delivery, and potential for automation of many reactions, but often require peripheral equipment for flow control. Capillary microfluidics can deliver liquids in a pre-programmed manner without peripheral equipment by exploiting surface tension effects encoded by the geometry and surface chemistry of a microchannel. Here, we review the history and progress of microchannel-based capillary microfluidics spanning over three decades. To both reflect recent experimental and conceptual progress, and distinguish from paper-based capillary microfluidics, we adopt the more recent terminology of capillaric circuits (CCs). We identify three distinct waves of development driven by microfabrication technologies starting with early implementations in industry using machining and lamination, followed by development in the context of micro total analysis systems (μTAS) and lab-on-a-chip devices using cleanroom microfabrication, and finally a third wave that arose with advances in rapid prototyping technologies. We discuss the basic physical laws governing capillary flow, deconstruct CCs into basic circuit elements including capillary pumps, stop valves, trigger valves, retention valves, and so on, and describe their operating principle and limitations. We discuss applications of CCs starting with the most common usage in automating liquid delivery steps for immunoassays, and highlight emerging applications such as DNA analysis. Finally, we highlight recent developments in rapid prototyping of CCs and the benefits offered including speed, low cost, and greater degrees of freedom in CC design. The combination of better analytical models and lower entry barriers (thanks to advances in rapid manufacturing) make CCs both a fertile research area and an increasingly capable technology for user-friendly and high-performance laboratory and diagnostic tests.

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Section: Reaction Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

et al. 2018

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“…2012. San Diego, CA) (5). The large differences in reported sensitivity were attributed to the repeat addition of sample to the same well (Kai J, Puntambekar A, Sehy D, Brescia P and Banks P, Amplifying Immunoassay Sensitivity, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News.…”

Section: Optimisermentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Ligand Binding Assays—Review of Emerging Technologies’ Capabilities to Enhance Throughput and Multiplexing

Mora

Chunyk

Dysinger

et al. 2014

AAPS J

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Abstract. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a summary of the evaluation done by the Throughput and Multiplexing subteam on five emerging technologies: Single molecule array (Simoa™), Optimiser™, CyTOF® (Mass cytometry), SQIDLite™, and iLite™. Most of the information is presented with a minimum amount of published data and much is based on discussions with users and the vendor, to help provide the reader with an unbiased assessment of where the subteam sees each technology fitting best in the bioanalysis of large molecules. The evaluation focuses on technologies with advantages in throughput and multiplexing, but is wide enough to capture their strengths in other areas. While all platforms may be suited to support bioanalysis in the discovery space, because of their emergent nature, only Optimiser and SQIDLite are currently ready to be used in the regulated space. With the exception of Optimiser, each instrument/technology requires an up-front investment from the bioanalytical lab that will need justification during capital budget discussions. Ultimately, the platform choice should be driven by the quality of data, project needs, and the intended use of the data generated. In a time-and resourceconstrained environment, it is not possible to evaluate all emergent technologies available in the market; we hope that this review gives the reader some of the information needed to decide which technology he/ she may want to consider evaluating to support their drug development program in comparison to the options they already have in their hands.

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“…Several researchers have also demonstrated paper-based immunoassays [27,28] to develop low-cost immunodiagnostics for developing nations. Moreover, the [11], (C) Microfluidic ELISA-based Optimiser microplate [15], (D) SPR-based Biacore 4000 system, and (E) Smartphone-based integrated rapid-diagnostic-test reader [34]. Image in Figure 1(D) is the courtesy of GE Healthcare.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conversion of conventional 96-well MTP into microfluidic MTP by Siloam Biosciences, USA [15], is another breakthrough in immunodiagnostics. It has drastically reduced the immunoassay duration from hours to minutes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodiagnostics: Major Advances and Future Insights

Vashist¹

2013

J Biochip Tissue Chip

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There have been tremendous advances in immunodiagnostics during the last five decades, which have led to the emergence of potential diagnostic technologies, new immunoassay formats and diagnostic platforms. The radioimmunoassay and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were the predominant techniques during the initial era of immunodiagnostics. The strenuous research efforts during the last three decades have enabled the development of potential antibodies for a wide range of analytes. Till date,t ELISA has been the gold standard of clinical immunodiagnostics, which has also been used very frequently for industrial analysis, environmental monitoring, food analysis and bioanalytical sciences. Despite the numerous advances in the field, it is difficult for any other technique to achieve the same high sensitivity, specificity, precision and throughput as ELISA. Various robotic work stations have been devised to perform automated ELISAs in high volume settings, such as in hospitals and industry. Similarly, the Microtiter Plate (MTP) readers have been improved significantly in terms of optics, technology and data analysis. In addition to conventional 96-well MTP format, various high throughput formats, such as 384 and 1536 wells, have also been devised for specific needs. The last two decades have seen considerable improvements in antibody immobilization strategies [1][2][3], which have significantly improved the analytical performance of ELISA in terms of higher sensitivity, greater detection range, lower limit of detection and reduced assay duration [4][5][6]. Similarly, the sample preparation strategies and screening of immunological components have also been critically improved, which enables highly reproducible immunoassays [7,8]. The development of highly sensitive enzyme substrates have led to ultrasensitive ELISAs and chemiluminescent immunoassays [9], while the use of superior fluorescent dyes improved the fluorescent immunoassays. Additionally, the use of infra-red dyes, quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, beads, and other nanomaterial/nanocomposites enabled the development of new ELISA formats, such as the naked-eye ELISA that was demonstrated using gold nanoparticles [10].The development of bead-based AlphaLISA by Perkin Elmer [11] is another major development in immunodiagnostics as it has critically reduced the immunoassay duration and complexity. It employs a streptavidin-coated Alpha donor bead and anti-analyte-conjugated AlphaLISA acceptor bead, which come into close proximity to generate the signal in the presence of analyte. These chemiluminescent immunoassays do not employ any washing step and have high sensitivity, greater dynamic range and superior analytical perfromance than the conventional ELISA.The continuous developments in microfluidic technologies have critically reduced the assay duration and number of process steps apart from enabling the automated handling of process steps. The emergence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based real-time and label-free immunoassays using the Biacore ...

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A novel microfluidic microplate as the next generation assay platform for enzyme linked immunoassays (ELISA)

Cited by 85 publications

References 10 publications

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

Next Generation Ligand Binding Assays—Review of Emerging Technologies’ Capabilities to Enhance Throughput and Multiplexing

Immunodiagnostics: Major Advances and Future Insights

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