A Novel Mutation in the Promoter Region of Avian Uncoupling Protein3 Associated with Feed Efficiency and Body Composition Traits in Broiler Chicken.

Abstract

The Avian Uncoupling Protein (avUCP) belongs to the mitochondrial anion transporter family. It has a pivotal homeostatic mechanism that associated with energy regulation and lipid metabolism. The avUCP considered as a candidate gene for chicken growth-related traits according to its predominant expression is in skeletal muscle. To address genetic distance pattern of UCP3 between mammalian and avian species, sequence similarity analysis using the protein alignment of UCP3 identified the high amino acid identity between the species and complementarily detected two protein conserved regions which are known as the ADP/ATP transporter translocase and the Mitochondria-carrier. Likewise, for mutation detection, samples were genotyped, afterward PCR-SSCP method implemented. In addition, association analysis was performed for investigating single nucleotide polymorphism within the UCP3 gene relating to the given economic traits. A detected polymorphic site, on the promoter region of UCP3 (-40 T/A substitution), has displayed significant influences on the Feed Conversion Rate (FCR), Residual Feed Intake (RFI), Average Daily Gain (ADG), and Carcass Weight (CW%). In the case that, birds with genotype AA had better FCR, ADG, RFI as compared to the genotype BB and birds with genotype AA revealed a higher CW% as compared to the genotype BB. According to the obtained results from the in-silico survey, Myoblast determination protein (MyoD) was predicted as a best-matched transcription factor with a consensus sequence harboring the-40 T/A-novel SNP-in the promoter region of UCP3, where might be responsible for phenotypic variation between two genotypes. In conclusion, the result suggests important roles for UCP3 polymorphism in feed efficiency and growth traits which is better to be used in broiler chicken breeding programs.

Sensitivity and applications of the PCR Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism method

“…PCR-SSCP has been used for several traits of animals such as wool characteristics [23], milk production traits [24], profile of sheep fatty acids [25], detection of Escherichia coli in the black swan [26], growth and carcass traits in lambs [27], reproductive traits in cattle [28], egg production traits in hens [29], body weight traits on chicken [30][31][32], gene study for fat-tailed and nonfat-tailed sheep [33], serotyping dichelobacter nodosus [34], mitochondrial diversity role in the productivity of quails [35], miR-9 gene affects litter size in goats [36], mutations in porcine [37], prolactin gene and association with egg production in ducks [38], wool fibre diameter in ewes [39], lactoferrin gene affects milk content in buffaloes [40], milk traits in yaks [41], association between MyoG gene and egg quality [42].…”

In silico investigation of uncoupling protein function in avian genomes

“…It thus may have the potential to be considered the missing link in the chain of whole-body energy homeostasis in chickens. The avUCP is a homolog with more than 70% protein sequence similarity with mammalian UCP3 and UCP2 , harboring two conserved regions of the mitochondrial carrier and ADP/ATP transporter translocase ( 1 , 2 ). The avUCP gene was first identified in 2001 after screening a hummingbird skeletal muscle cDNA library ( 3 ).…”

“…avUCP has also been suggested to be involved in cell metabolism. Several studies have identified polymorphism of the avUCP gene that is associated with fat metabolism, growth, feed intake, and exposure to abiotic stress conditions ( 2 , 21 , 22 ). Additionally, it was also revealed that the upregulation of avUCP can result in the down-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the skeletal muscle of fasted chickens ( 23 ).…”

“…However, the expression of avUCP did not control ROS production in heat-stressed chickens ( 18 ). Heat stress, by causing oxidative stress, impairs mitochondrial function by decreasing avUCP expression ( 27 ) which can further impair meat quality and increases glycolysis and intramuscular fat deposition ( 2 , 28 , 29 ). Additionally, the upregulation of avUCP and avPGC-1 α together can help to reduce ROS accumulation and lipid oxidation in the skeletal muscles of birds ( 28 , 30 ).…”