A novel procedure for mediastinal vagotomy inhibits neurogenic inflammation in rat bronchial tree

Lo, Yu-Kang; Huang, Hung‐Tsai

doi:10.1016/s0165-1838(97)00096-9

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…# P <0.05, ## P <0.01 as compared with 5 min after capsaicin * P <0.05 as compared with vehicle control secretion, and for the elucidation of the underlying mechanism. Most previous studies on experimentally-induced inflammation in the trachea focus on the magnitude of plasma leakage by determination of the amount of extravasated tracer dye, e.g., Evans blue, in the tissue with a spectrophotometer Lundberg and Saria 1983;Brokaw et al 1990), measurement of the relative number of leaky venules labeled by the colloidal dye particles with a morphometric method (Huang et al 1989;Lo and Huang 1997;Baluk et al 1997) and measurement of the optical density of colloidal dye that labels the leaky venules with a microscope photometer (McDonald 1988a;McDonald 1988b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For evaluation of the permeability-producing ability of capsaicin, India ink (Chroma-Gesellschaft, Kongen, Germany) was used as a tracer dye to label the leaky blood vessels in the mucosal tissue (Lo and Huang 1997;Hwang et al 1999). One group of six rats received an intravenous injection of India ink (1 ml/kg, over 5 s) followed by an intravenous injection of capsaicin.…”

Section: Induction Of Plasma Leakage and Secretory Activity Of Gobletmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of plasma leakage was expressed by the area density of India ink-labeled leaky blood vessels in the mucosal tissue of tracheal whole mounts determined by a point counting method (Lo and Huang 1997;Hwang et al 1999). …”

Section: Measurement Of Plasma Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous remission of edema and regranulation of goblet cells in rat tracheae after capsaicin-induced acute inflammation

2003

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Previous studies have investigated the short-term effect of capsaicin on edema formation and goblet-cell secretion in the trachea. The present study sought to investigate the long-term effect of a high dose of capsaicin (90 micro g/ml/kg), administered intravenously, on changes in the formation of endothelial gaps among venular endothelial cells, mucosal tissue edema and the secretory activity of goblet cells, including the number and size of goblet cells, and the mucus score and secretory ratio of goblet-cell mucus secretion in the trachea of rats. The tracheal whole mounts with silver staining, those stained with chloroacetate esterase reagent and Alcian blue and tracheal tissue sections stained with Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff reagent were used for evaluation. Formation of endothelial gaps occurred a few min after administration of capsaicin, and gaps almost closed within 12 min after capsaicin injection. Five min after capsaicin, the leaky blood vessels were numerous and the subepithelial edema ratio (% of length of edema along the inner circumference of tracheal cross section) was found to be 57.8+/-3.0% ( n=6). The number of Alcian blue-positive goblet cells (1,090+/-220 per mm(2) of mucosal surface) was reduced to half the number of goblet cells in the vehicle-treated rats (2,200+/-230). The mucus score of goblet cell secretion was not changed. The secretory ratio was greatly increased. One day after capsaicin, the edema ratio remained large and the number of Alcian blue-positive goblet cells was also small. The mucus score was also not changed. The secretory ratio was still large. On day 3, the edema ratio remained large, but the number of Alcian blue-positive goblet cells was increased to the level of the controls. The mucus score and secretory ratio returned to the control level. On day 5, the edema ratio was greatly decreased, but it was still significantly larger than that of the controls. The mucus score and secretory ratio remained at the baseline level. Seven days after capsaicin, the edema ratio was similar to the controls. The number of goblet cells was even larger than controls. It is concluded that capsaicin-induced acute inflammation in the rat trachea involves formation of endothelial gaps, extensive plasma extravasation and edema formation, and depletion of goblet-cell secretory granules. Spontaneous gradual remission of edema was accompanied by regranulation of goblet cells with gradual mucogenesis for several days.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Induction Of Plasma Leakage and Secretory Activity Of Gobletmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous remission of edema and regranulation of goblet cells in rat tracheae after capsaicin-induced acute inflammation

2003

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“…Since the SP-IR axons in the tissues are very slender and long using immunohistochemically stained whole mount instead of tissue section is a good choice for a thorough observation of the distribution and quantitation of these axons (Baluk et al 1992;Bowden et al 1996). Surgical degeneration of a single vagal trunk at the midcervical level (Huang 1993;Huang et al 1995) and at the mediastinal level (Lo and Huang 1997) causes a significant decrease in the magnitude of neurogenic inflammation produced by the irritant capsaicin in the ipsilateral bronchial tree of the rat. It is thought that this is due to loss of vagal capsaicin-sensitive SP-containing axons from the mucosa of the affected bronchi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgical transection of the right thoracic vagus nerve, but not the recurrent laryngeal nerve, inhibits capsaicin-induced inflammation in the right bronchial airways (Lo and Huang 1997). However, it is not known whether thoracic vagus nerve section or recurrent laryngeal nerve section could reduce the SP-IR innervation in the trachea and bronchi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic vagus section distal to the recurrent laryngeal nerve reduces substance

Hwang

Huang

Tsao

1999

Anatomy and Embryology

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The vagal nerve trunk in the mediastinum of mammals divides into two main branches, the thoracic vagus nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve, in which the sensory nerve axons are largely involved in neurogenic inflammation in the tracheobronchial airways. A previous study demonstrated that cutting the right-side thoracic vagus nerve but not the recurrent laryngeal nerve inhibited capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in the right bronchial tree of the rat. The effect of left thoracic vagus nerve section is still not known. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of sectioning the right or left thoracic vagus nerve on the innervation density of substance P-immunoreactive axons in bilateral bronchial trees. Following nerve degeneration, the whole mounts of airway tissues were processed with substance P immunohistochemistry. Denervation of either thoracic vagus nerve reduced the innervation density of axons by 38-71% in different parts of the ipsilateral bronchial tree. The effect of right recurrent laryngeal nerve section was less specific; the innervation density was reduced by 21-39% in the trachea and bronchi of both sides. Capsaicin-induced neurogenic plasma leakage was decreased in the left mainstem bronchus and lobar bronchi after left thoracic vagus nerve section. It is concluded that the thoracic vagus nerve largely contributed to the sensory innervation in the ipsilateral bronchial airways and modulated their functions.

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Histamine-induced changes in rat tracheal goblet cell mucin store and mucosal edema

Huang

Guo

Huang

et al. 2012

Histochem Cell Biol

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The pathology of chronic asthma in human and mouse is characterized by inflammation and remodeling of airway tissues. As a result of repeated inflammatory insults to the lower airways, smooth muscle thickening, mucin secretion and airway hyperreactivity may develop. In ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice with repeated challenges with OVA to the lower airways, the trachea and bronchi are characterized by goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion from goblet cells. Previous study reports that intravenous (i.v.) application of a high dose of capsaicin releases tachykinin from capsaicin-sensitive nerves, producing acute plasma leakage and mucosal edema formation and causing depletion of mucin granules in goblet cells that results in a reduction in the number and size of Alcian blue (AB)-positive goblet cells in the rat trachea within a few minute after capsaicin application. Histamine is an important non-neural mediator of asthma from mast cells. The present study investigated whether i.v. application of a high dose of histamine (18 μmol/ml/kg) could result in these acute changes and the similar time-course changes in rat trachea. The tracheal whole mounts stained with chloroacetate esterase reagent and AB and tracheal methacrylate sections stained with AB and periodic acid-Schiff reagent were used for evaluation of histological and cellular changes. At 5 min after histamine application, mucosal leaky venules were numerous and subepithelial edema ratio (% of length of edema along the mucosal epithelial circumference of tracheal cross section) was found to be 48.2 ± 4.9, which was greater (P < 0.01) than saline-treated rats. But, the number of AB-positive goblet cells, 2,030 ± 170/mm(2) of mucosal surface epithelium, was similar to saline-treated group (P > 0.05). One day later, edema ratio remained large and the number of AB-positive goblet cells was 1,140 ± 150/mm(2) epithelium, reduced to half the number of the group at 5 min after histamine (P < 0.01). It is suggested that mucus hypersecretion occurred at this time point. At 3 or 5 days after histamine, edema ratio gradually decreased. The number of AB-positive goblet cells continued to remain small on day 3. On day 5 after histamine, the number of AB-positive goblet cells restored to the level of rat group at 5 min after histamine application. At 7 days after histamine, edema ratio returned to the level of saline-treated group. It is concluded that degranulation and thinning of tracheal goblet cells and mucus hypersecretion lagged behind histamine-induced acute plasma leakage and edema, and restoration of mucin store in goblet cells was associated with remission of mucosal edema.

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A novel procedure for mediastinal vagotomy inhibits neurogenic inflammation in rat bronchial tree

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Spontaneous remission of edema and regranulation of goblet cells in rat tracheae after capsaicin-induced acute inflammation

Spontaneous remission of edema and regranulation of goblet cells in rat tracheae after capsaicin-induced acute inflammation

Thoracic vagus section distal to the recurrent laryngeal nerve reduces substance

Histamine-induced changes in rat tracheal goblet cell mucin store and mucosal edema

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