“…Nowadays, several direct immunosensors based on electrochemical transducers, such as potentiometric (Taylor, Marenchic, & Spencer, 1991), amperometric (Tang et al, 2005), conductimetric (Yagiuda, Hemmi, Ito & Asano, 1996), and impedimetric (Rahman, Shiddiky, Park & Shim, 2007), have been developed. Among the various types of electrochemical immunosensors mentioned above, the electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor has been extensively investigated in the fields of biological studies (Escamilla-Gómez, Campuzano, Pedrero & Pingarrón, 2009;Huang et al, 2010;Radi, Muñoz-Berbel, Lates & Marty, 2009) and applied to the detection of drug residues in food during recent years (Ionescu et al, 2007;Thavarungkul, Dawan, Kanatharana & Asawatreratanakul, 2007;Wu, Zheng, Li, Zhao & Zhang, 2009). For example, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault et al reported the detection of trace amounts of ciprofloxacin antibiotic by impedimetric immunosensor (Ionescu et al, 2007).…”