“…In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on enhancing the detection sensitivity and reducing the testing time from days to hours. The representative methods include immunology‐based methods (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA; immunochromatographic assay, ICA), nucleic acid‐based methods (polymerase chain reaction, PCR; loop‐mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP), signal‐based methods (such as fluorochrome and quantum dots [QDs]), and so on (Bi et al., 2020; Li et al., 2017; Li et al., 2019; Park, Park, Ok, Chang, & Lim, 2020; Wei et al., 2019; Xue, Zheng, Zhang, Jin, & Lin, 2018). However, food samples are usually complex and heterogeneous systems.…”