A Novel Size-Selective Airborne Particle Size Fractionating Instrument for Health Risk Evaluation

doi:10.1093/annhyg/mep002

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Future work is needed to integrate interception into models for these substrates. Also, samplers that were developed to use nylon mesh substrates (Gorbunov et al, 2009 and Koehler and Volckens, 2013) may suffer from over collection of chain-agglomerate particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porous polyurethane foam for use as a particle collection substrate in a nanoparticle respiratory deposition sampler

Mines

Park

Mudunkotuwa

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Porous polyurethane foam was evaluated to replace the eight nylon meshes used as a substrate to collect nanoparticles in the Nanoparticle Respiratory Deposition (NRD) sampler. Cylindrical (25-mm diameter by 40-mm deep) foam with 110 pores per inch was housed in a 25-mm-diameter conductive polypropylene cassette cowl compatible with the NRD sampler. Pristine foam and nylon meshes were evaluated for metals content via elemental analysis. The size-selective collection efficiency of the foam was evaluated using salt (NaCl) and metal fume aerosols in independent tests. Collection efficiencies were compared to the nanoparticulate matter (NPM) criterion and a semi-empirical model for foam. Changes in collection efficiency and pressure drop of the foam and nylon meshes were measured after loading with metal fume particles as measures of substrate performance. Substantially less titanium was found in the foam (0.173 μg sampler−1) compared to the nylon mesh (125 μg sampler−1), improving the detection capabilities of the NRD sampler for titanium dioxide particles. The foam collection efficiency was similar to that of the nylon meshes and the NPM criterion (R2 = 0.98, for NaCl), although the semi-empirical model underestimated the experimental efficiency (R2 = 0.38). The pressure drop across the foam was 8% that of the nylon meshes when pristine and changed minimally with metal fume loading (~ 19 mg). In contrast, the pores of the nylon meshes clogged after loading with ~ 1 mg metal fume. These results indicate that foam is a suitable substrate to collect metal (except for cadmium) nanoparticles in the NRD sampler.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gorbunov et al (2009) developed a size-selective sampler for airborne particles with 11 stages. Particles larger than 250 nm are collected by impaction with a cascade impactor, whereas smaller particles are collected by diffusion on four stages composed of various layers of nylon mesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous polyurethane foam for use as a particle collection substrate in a nanoparticle respiratory deposition sampler

Mines

Park

Mudunkotuwa

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The many and varied properties of nanomaterials in products from such industries result from the physical and chemical properties of their small size (<100 nm in any one dimension) [2]–[5]. Although nanotechnology provides many benefits, concerns have been raised about possible risks to human health due to exposure to nanoparticles which may occur accidentally or intentionally [6]–[9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of Toxicity Pathways in Lung Epithelial Cells Induced by Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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A study into the effects of amorphous nano-SiO2 particles on A549 lung epithelial cells was undertaken using proteomics to understand the interactions that occur and the biological consequences of exposure of lung to nanoparticles. Suitable conditions for treatment, where A549 cells remained viable for the exposure period, were established by following changes in cell morphology, flow cytometry, and MTT reduction. Label-free proteomics was used to estimate the relative level of proteins from their component tryptic peptides detected by mass spectrometry. It was found that A549 cells tolerated treatment with 100 µg/ml nano-SiO2 in the presence of 1.25% serum for at least 4 h. After this time detrimental changes in cell morphology, flow cytometry, and MTT reduction were evident. Proteomics performed after 4 h indicated changes in the expression of 47 proteins. Most of the proteins affected fell into four functional groups, indicating that the most prominent cellular changes were those that affected apoptosis regulation (e.g. UCP2 and calpain-12), structural reorganisation and regulation of actin cytoskeleton (e.g. PHACTR1), the unfolded protein response (e.g. HSP 90), and proteins involved in protein synthesis (e.g. ribosomal proteins). Treatment with just 10 µg/ml nano-SiO2 particles in serum-free medium resulted in a rapid deterioration of the cells and in medium containing 10% serum the cells were resistant to up to 1000 µg/ml nano-SiO2 particles, suggesting interaction of serum components with the nanoparticles. A variety of serum proteins were found which bound to nano-SiO2 particles, the most prominent of which were albumin, apolipoprotein A-I, hemoglobin, vitronectin and fibronectin. The use of a proteomics platform, with appropriately designed experimental conditions, enabled the early biological perturbations induced by nano-SiO2 in a model target cell system to be identified. The approach facilitates the design of more focused test systems for use in tiered evaluations of nanomaterials.

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“…An area sampler has also been designed to follow the International Committee for Radiological Protection (ICRP) model of particle deposition in the human body [ 14 ]. However, that sampler is only valid for particles up to 20 µm in size [ 15 ], so it does not cover the entire inhalable size range of particles (up to 100 µm) including those relevant to the extrathoracic airways. This study aimed to develop an air sampler that specifically (and uniquely) measures particle deposition in the extrathoracic region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Human Extrathoracic Deposition Fraction of Inhaled Particles Using a Polyurethane Foam Collection Substrate in an IOM Sampler

Sleeth

Balthaser

Collingwood

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Extrathoracic deposition of inhaled particles (i.e., in the head and throat) is an important exposure route for many hazardous materials. Current best practices for exposure assessment of aerosols in the workplace involve particle size selective sampling methods based on particle penetration into the human respiratory tract (i.e., inhalable or respirable sampling). However, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has recently adopted particle deposition sampling conventions (ISO 13138), including conventions for extrathoracic (ET) deposition into the anterior nasal passage (ET1) and the posterior nasal and oral passages (ET2). For this study, polyurethane foam was used as a collection substrate inside an inhalable aerosol sampler to provide an estimate of extrathoracic particle deposition. Aerosols of fused aluminum oxide (five sizes, 4.9 µm–44.3 µm) were used as a test dust in a low speed (0.2 m/s) wind tunnel. Samplers were placed on a rotating mannequin inside the wind tunnel to simulate orientation-averaged personal sampling. Collection efficiency data for the foam insert matched well to the extrathoracic deposition convention for the particle sizes tested. The concept of using a foam insert to match a particle deposition sampling convention was explored in this study and shows promise for future use as a sampling device.

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A Novel Size-Selective Airborne Particle Size Fractionating Instrument for Health Risk Evaluation

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Porous polyurethane foam for use as a particle collection substrate in a nanoparticle respiratory deposition sampler

Porous polyurethane foam for use as a particle collection substrate in a nanoparticle respiratory deposition sampler

Elucidation of Toxicity Pathways in Lung Epithelial Cells Induced by Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles

Estimation of the Human Extrathoracic Deposition Fraction of Inhaled Particles Using a Polyurethane Foam Collection Substrate in an IOM Sampler

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