A novel strategy for the synthesis of self-healing capsule and its application

Sun, Tao; Shen, Xuejing; Peng, Chong; Fan, Hongyu; Liu, Minjing; Wu, Zhanjun

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.12.006

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Jones et al 22 synthesized thermoplastic polymer resin microcapsules, ethyl phenyl acetate(EPA) solvent microcapsules and achieved an average healing efficiency of 57%. Sun et al 23 developed phenol formaldehyde microcapsules having DCPD as the healing agent and evaluated healing efficiency using tapered double cantilever beam (TDCB) specimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐healing performance assessment of epoxy resin and amine hardener encapsulated polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules reinforced epoxy composite

Pittala

Ben

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In order to study the effect of healing materials viscosity on the self‐healing performance of polymer composite, mostly available epoxy resin of viscosity 10–12 Pa.s and amine hardener of viscosity 0.01–0.02 Pa.s were chosen as two different healing materials and successfully encapsulated. Effect of core to shell(c/s) ratio on the synthesis of epoxy microcapsules was investigated and 1:1 c/s ratio is suggested as an ideal ratio to synthesize epoxy capsules. Chemical structure and thermal decomposition patterns of both microcapsules and capsules reinforced composite were analyzed. Tensile strength, impact strength and fracture toughness of capsules reinforced self‐healing epoxy composite were evaluated. It was observed that the toughness of epoxy composite increased with the increase in microcapsules concentration. An optimum healing efficiency of 66% was observed with the addition of 7.5 wt% epoxy and hardener microcapsules at equal weight ratio. Stresses developed in the pure epoxy composite crack front were analyzed using Ansys V18.1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐healing performance assessment of epoxy resin and amine hardener encapsulated polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules reinforced epoxy composite

Pittala

Ben

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[18][19][20] Among these approaches, capsule-based self-healing can be applied in composite laminates with the advantage of easy dispersion into matrix resins with little change to manufacturing procedures or microstructure of the composites. 21,22 Since its introduction, the microencapsulated self-healing system has received a lot of attention, with three of the most common systems being (i) capsule-catalyst, 5,7,23 (ii) dual-capsule 8,10,11,24 and (iii) single-capsule. [25][26][27][28] The capsulecatalyst healing system involves the curing reaction between the monomer that has been encapsulated with the pre-dispersed catalyst phase, such as Grubbs' catalyst, inside the host material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulated healing agents for an elevated-temperature cured epoxy: Influence of viscosity on healing efficiency

Ghazali

Lin

Amir

2021

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Among many applications, elevated-temperature cured epoxy resins are widely used for high-performance applications especially for structural adhesive and as a matrix for structural composites. This is due to their superior chemical and mechanical properties. The thermosetting nature of epoxy produces a highly cross-linked polymer network during the curing process where the resulting material exhibited excellent properties. However, due to this cross-linked molecular structure, epoxies are also known to be brittle, and once a crack initiated in the material, it is difficult to arrest the crack propagation. Earlier research found that the inclusion of encapsulated healing agents is able to introduce self-healing ability to the room-temperature cured epoxies. The current study investigated the self-healing behaviour of an elevated-temperature cured epoxy, which incorporated the dual-capsule system loaded with diglycidyl-ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) resin and mercaptan. The microcapsules were prepared by the in-situ polymerisation method while the fracture toughness and the self-healing capability of the tapered-double-cantilever-beam (TDCB) epoxy specimens were measured under Mode-I fracture toughness testing. We investigated the effect of temperature on viscosity of the healing agents and how these values influence the formation of uniform healing on the fracture surfaces. It was found that incorporation of the dual-capsule self-healing system onto an elevated-temperature cured epoxy slightly changed the fracture toughness of the epoxy as indicated by the Mode-I testing. In the case of thermal healing at 70°C, the self-healing epoxy exhibited a recovery of up to 111% of its original fracture toughness, where a uniform spreading of the healant was observed. The excellent healing behaviour is attributed to the lower viscosity of the healant at higher temperature and the higher glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the produced healant film. The DSC analysis confirmed that the healing process was not contributed by the post-curing of the host epoxy.

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“…Extrinsic self-healing can be achieved through releasing the prefilled healing agents within either vascular [14,15] or capsular [16,17] containers when damage occurs. Capsular selfhealing systems are suitable for industrial-scale production with the advantages of easy fabrication, low cost, and versatility [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired self-healing polymer foams with bilayered capsule systems

Cao

Zhu

Liu

2020

Composites Science and Technology

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Bio-inspired, self-healing polymer foams containing novel calcium-alginate capsule system was developed for load-bearing application. The capsules were created by a multi-stage encapsulating process that can encapsulate two mutually reactive healing agents within single capsules. The capsules had a bilayered structure with the epoxy resin encapsulated within the inner layer and the hardener within the outer layer. To evaluate the mechanical self-healing performance, the following tests were conducted, i.e. (1) cyclic quasi-static compression tests for foams; (2) quasi-static three-point bending tests for foam core sandwich beams; and (3) high-speed soft impact tests for foam core sandwich beams. Cyclic quasi-static compression tests demonstrated (1) bilayered capsule systems had better multiple self-healing effect compared to the dual capsules system without external interventions; and (2) bilayered capsules could enhance the stiffness and strength of foams. For foam core sandwich beams, the bilayered capsules did not have a noticeable effect on the effective stiffness of the beams; however, it could provide a noticeable self-healing effect when the damage occurred. The images obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) suggested that the micro-cracks induced by the static and impact loading were either fully or partially healed by the released healing agents without external interventions.

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A novel strategy for the synthesis of self-healing capsule and its application

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Self‐healing performance assessment of epoxy resin and amine hardener encapsulated polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules reinforced epoxy composite

Self‐healing performance assessment of epoxy resin and amine hardener encapsulated polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules reinforced epoxy composite

Microencapsulated healing agents for an elevated-temperature cured epoxy: Influence of viscosity on healing efficiency

Bio-inspired self-healing polymer foams with bilayered capsule systems

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