A novel synthesis of ultra thin graphene sheets for energy storage applications using malonic acid as a reducing agent

Kumar, Anil; Khandelwal, Mahima

doi:10.1039/c4ta04986a

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…5 shows the TEM images of GO, GNRs and GNRs-300 along with their SAED patterns and EDAX spectra. 75-1621, very similar to that reported earlier 26 (Fig. 5a).…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem) Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It was exciting to observe that reduction of GO at pH 6.0 results in the formation of GNRs (Figs. 26 A further lowering in pH than 6.0, however, caused this solution to undergo aggregation possibly because of relatively lesser negative ζ -potential. S6, ESI †) and ultrathin graphene sheets, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The XRD pattern of graphite shows a sharp peak corresponding to the reflection from (002) plane at 26.2 0 with the 'd' spacing of 0.339 nm (Fig. 26 The XRD pattern of rGO is quite different to those of precursors, graphite and GO, and shows a broader peak at 24.74 0 which corresponds to the reflection from (002) plane with the 'd' spacing of 0.360 nm clearly indicating the reduction of GO (Fig. Whereas, GO exhibits slightly broader peak at 10.59 0 with the 'd' spacing of 0.835 nm matching to the reflection from (002) plane (Fig.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8A. 26 In contrast to GO, C 1s spectrum of GNRs exhibits three different components of carbon arising from C=C (284.2 eV), C-C /C-OH (286.1 eV) and C=O (288.1 eV). 8A).…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Xps) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 The covalent approach often disturbs the extended sp 2 conjugation of graphene causing a reduction in the electronic properties. 26,27 In the present work, we have employed for the first time a one-step chemically controlled wet synthesis of GNRs by the reduction of GO using malonic acid as a reducing agent. A number of methods have been employed for the synthesis of GNRs like lithographic patterning of graphene, 12,13 sonochemical cutting of graphene sheets, 14 chemical vapour deposition, 15,16 longitudinal unzipping of carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), [17][18][19] metal-catalyzed 20 and chemical method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-step chemically controlled wet synthesis of graphene nanoribbons from graphene oxide for high performance supercapacitor applications

Khandelwal

Kumar

2015

J. Mater. Chem. A

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The present manuscript for the first time reports a novel one-step wet chemical approach to synthesize about 150-300 nm wide graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) by reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using malonic acid as a reducing agent. The optical, X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman, Infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) demonstrated the effective reduction of GO. The average thickness of GNRs has been estimated by atomic force microscopy at 3.3 ± 0.2 nm, which is reduced significantly to 1.1 ± 0.5 nm upon annealing at 300 0 C (GNRs-300). In the process of nucleation and growth, the intermediate(s), formed between the malonic acid and GO undergo twisting/folding involving supramolecular interactions to yield ̴ 0.15 to 1 mm long curled GNRs. 13 C NMR demonstrates a significant increase in sp 2 character of nanoribbons following the order: GO < GNRs < GNRs-300 as was also evidenced by the conductivity measurements. GNRs exhibited high specific capacitance value of 301 F/g at 1 A/g with good cyclic stability for 4000 charge-discharge cycles at 15 A/g, and high energy density/power density (16.84 Wh/kg / 5944 W/kg) in aqueous electrolyte demonstrating their tremendous potential as electrode material for energy storage applications. T im e (h ) Wav elen gth (nm ) Absorbance (a.u) 253 nm 231 nm 303 nm 256 nm 262 nm C

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“…5 shows the TEM images of GO, GNRs and GNRs-300 along with their SAED patterns and EDAX spectra. 75-1621, very similar to that reported earlier 26 (Fig. 5a).…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem) Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8A. 26 In contrast to GO, C 1s spectrum of GNRs exhibits three different components of carbon arising from C=C (284.2 eV), C-C /C-OH (286.1 eV) and C=O (288.1 eV). 8A).…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Xps) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-step chemically controlled wet synthesis of graphene nanoribbons from graphene oxide for high performance supercapacitor applications

Khandelwal

Kumar

2015

J. Mater. Chem. A

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A Facile Reduction Method for Roll‐to‐Roll Production of High Performance Graphene‐Based Transparent Conductive Films

Ning

Jin

et al. 2017

Advanced Materials

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A facile roll-to-roll method is developed for fabricating reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based flexible transparent conductive films. A Sn /ethanol reduction system and a rationally designed fast coating-drying-washing technique are proven to be highly efficient for low-cost continuous production of large-area rGO films and patterned rGO films, extremely beneficial toward the manufacture of flexible photoelectronic devices.

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High Electrochemical Performance of 2.5 V Aqueous Symmetric Supercapacitor Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide

Thareja

Kumar

2020

Energy Tech

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Herein, the high potential window of 2.5 V (from −1.35 to +1.15 V) is achieved using nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO) as an electrode in neutral 0.5 m K2SO4 electrolyte after running 150 electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. During these CV cycles, K+ ions are increasingly adsorbed at the active sites of the electrode, restricting the recombination of nascent hydrogen to generate dihydrogen (H2), thereby enhancing the negative potential stability up to −1.35 V. As‐synthesized N‐rGO obtained by effective functionalization of carbon is used to fabricate high‐voltage (2.5 V) symmetric supercapacitors (N‐rGO//N‐rGO) in aqueous neutral electrolyte (0.5 m K2SO4), providing a high energy density of 128 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 813 W kg−1 with superior cyclic stability. The formation of a tandem device by connecting three as‐designed symmetric supercapacitor cells in series increases the output voltage to 7.5 V, which exhibits long‐term cyclability up to 10 000 cycles, thus making it sustainable for energy‐storage applications. This system demonstrates the highest cell voltage for a carbon‐based aqueous symmetric supercapacitor with a high energy density.

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A novel synthesis of ultra thin graphene sheets for energy storage applications using malonic acid as a reducing agent

Abstract: Novel ultrathin graphene sheets (0.41 ± 0.03 nm) with increased sp2 character, high specific capacitance and charge–discharge capability have been synthesized and demonstrated to have potential energy storage applications.

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

One-step chemically controlled wet synthesis of graphene nanoribbons from graphene oxide for high performance supercapacitor applications

One-step chemically controlled wet synthesis of graphene nanoribbons from graphene oxide for high performance supercapacitor applications

A Facile Reduction Method for Roll‐to‐Roll Production of High Performance Graphene‐Based Transparent Conductive Films

High Electrochemical Performance of 2.5 V Aqueous Symmetric Supercapacitor Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide

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