A Novel Virtue in Stem Cell Research: Exosomes and Their Role in Differentiation

Abdik, Hüseyin; Abdik, Ezgi Avşar; Deniz, Ayşen Aslı Hızlı; Taşlı, Pakize Neslihan; Şahi̇n, Fikrettin

doi:10.1007/5584_2019_339

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Moreover, SVV proteins were detected in exosomes by WB (Figure 2 B). It is known that exosomes can mediate the spread of various pathogens [ 18 ]. To explore the role of exosomes in SVV transmission, we explored whether SVV carried by exosomes can proliferate on susceptible (IBRS-2) and non-susceptible (293T) cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercellular transmission of Seneca Valley virus mediated by exosomes

Shi

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a non-encapsulated single-stranded positive-strand RNA virus whose transmission routes have not yet been fully elucidated. Exosomes have been implicated in the intercellular transport of a variety of materials, such as proteins, RNA, and liposomes. However, whether exosomes can mediate SVV intercellular transmission remains unknown. In this study, we extracted exosomes from SVV-infected IBRS-2 cells to investigate intercellular transmission. Our results suggest that the intercellular transmission of SVV is mediated by exosomes. The results of co-localization and RT-qPCR studies showed that exosomes harbor SVV and enable the virus to proliferate in both susceptible and non-susceptible cells. Furthermore, the replication of SVV was inhibited when IBRS-2 cells were treated with interfering RNA Rab27a and exosome inhibitor GW4869. Finally, neutralization experiments were performed to further verify whether the virus was encapsulated by the exosomes that mediated transmission between cells. It was found that exosome-mediated intercellular transmission was not blocked by SVV-specific neutralizing antibodies. This study reveals a new transmission route of SVV and provides clear evidence regarding the pathogenesis of SVV, information which can also be useful for identifying therapeutic interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercellular transmission of Seneca Valley virus mediated by exosomes

Shi

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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“…Therefore, inducing the odontogenic differentiation of MSCs has become one of the critical tasks for pulp–dentin complex regeneration. Multiple studies have documented that exosomes could promote the multidirectional differentiation of stem cells, thus endowing them with promising prospects for dental pulp regeneration [ 53 ]. Previously, Hu et al revealed in vitro that DPSC-Od-Exos could promote the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs through the TGFβ1/Smads signaling pathway [ 54 ].…”

Section: The Role and Mechanism Of Exosomes In Regulating Pulp–dentin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as Promising Therapeutic Tools for Regenerative Endodontic Therapy

Kong,

Wang,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Pulpitis is a common and frequent disease in dental clinics. Although vital pulp therapy and root canal treatment can stop the progression of inflammation, they do not allow for genuine structural regeneration and functional reconstruction of the pulp–dentin complex. In recent years, with the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, research on stem cell-based regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) has achieved satisfactory preliminary results, significantly enhancing its clinical translational prospects. As one of the crucial paracrine effectors, the roles and functions of exosomes in pulp–dentin complex regeneration have gained considerable attention. Due to their advantages of cost-effectiveness, extensive sources, favorable biocompatibility, and high safety, exosomes are considered promising therapeutic tools to promote dental pulp regeneration. Accordingly, in this article, we first focus on the biological properties of exosomes, including their biogenesis, uptake, isolation, and characterization. Then, from the perspectives of cell proliferation, migration, odontogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis, we aim to reveal the roles and mechanisms of exosomes involved in regenerative endodontics. Lastly, immense efforts are made to illustrate the clinical strategies and influencing factors of exosomes applied in dental pulp regeneration, such as types of parental cells, culture conditions of parent cells, exosome concentrations, and scaffold materials, in an attempt to lay a solid foundation for exploring and facilitating the therapeutic strategy of exosome-based regenerative endodontic procedures.

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“…Microvesicles have a diameter of 50–500 nm, even up to 1 μm, and they are derived directly from the cell membrane through budding, whereas apoptotic vesicles are usually produced by apoptotic cells and are approximately 1–5 μm in diameter ( van Niel et al, 2018 ; Han et al, 2022 ). Additionally, EVs are heterogeneous in terms of content, with sEVs and microvesicles known to contain mRNA, miRNA, non-coding RNAs, and cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, whereas apoptotic vesicles contain nuclear fractions and cell organelles ( Abdik et al, 2019 ). Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the three vesicle release methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small extracellular vesicles: a novel drug delivery system for neurodegenerative disorders

Pan

Chen

Hou

et al. 2023

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have a slow onset and are usually detected late during disease. NDs are often difficult to cure due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which makes it difficult to find effective treatments and drugs, causing great stress and financial burden to families and society. Currently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the most promising drug delivery systems (DDSs) for targeted delivery of molecules to specific sites in the brain as a therapeutic vehicle due to their low toxicity, low immunogenicity, high stability, high delivery efficiency, high biocompatibility and trans-BBB functionality. Here, we review the therapeutic application of sEVs in several NDs, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease, discuss the current barriers associated with sEVs and brain-targeted DDS, and suggest future research directions.

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A Novel Virtue in Stem Cell Research: Exosomes and Their Role in Differentiation

Cited by 5 publications

References 103 publications

Intercellular transmission of Seneca Valley virus mediated by exosomes

Intercellular transmission of Seneca Valley virus mediated by exosomes

Exosomes as Promising Therapeutic Tools for Regenerative Endodontic Therapy

Small extracellular vesicles: a novel drug delivery system for neurodegenerative disorders

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