A novel way for ethoxylation with basic catalysts

Abstract

Ethoxylation of dodecyl alcohol catalyzed by alkali hydroxides are accelerated by adding complexing agents for the alkali ions. The rate of ethoxylation could be increased by crown ether and dodecyl alcohols of a higher degree of ethoxylation. The effect is more pronounced with the crown ether; thus, reactions not taking place under other circumstances could also be carried out. The complexing additives have no significant effect on the molar mass distribution, The reaction could also be accelerated by using more bulky organic cations (e.g., triethylbenzylammonium ion) instead of the alkali cation.

Fatty Acids in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part XVII: Synthesis of Non Ionic Surfactants Containing Piperidine, Piperazine, Imidazole Based on Thiadiazole and Microbiological Activities Evaluation

“…Using Morgos procedure [24], 0.01 mol of the synthesized compound was stirred with 0.5 wt% KOH solution and heated to 70˚C slow stream of nitrogen.…”

Synthesis and Heteroannulation of Pyridine and Related Heterocyclic Systems Having Surface and Biological Activities

“…The apparatus was then filled with nitrogen, cooled and reaction vessel weighted. The amount of propylene oxide which was reacted and the average degree of prop-oxylation were determined through the increment in mass of the reaction mixture increase in weight of the mixture after the addition of propylene oxide is the average amount of propoxylation 41 .…”

Synthesis of Nonionic Surfactants by Treating Some Petroleum Derivatives

“…The reaction molar ratios and the products characterization were cited in Table 1. Ethoxylation Compounds (Ia-d) were subjected to ethoxylation in the presence of basic catalyst (KOH), the general procedure of ethyoxylation was carried out in a semi micro apparatus (7) (Fig. 1) based on the measurement of volumetric flow of ethylene oxide (EO) before and after the reactor 7. the reactor has to be oxygen-free, because of softy and quality requirement (8,9) .…”