A Numerical Study of the Role of Eddy Fluxes of Momentum in the Development of Atlantic Hurricanes

Pfeffer, Richard L.; Challa, Malakondayya

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<2393:ansotr>2.0.co;2

Cited by 61 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…This interaction has been correlated empirically with the existence of upper-level mass divergence (Riehl 1948) and the convergence of eddy fluxes of angular momentum (Pfeffer 1956, 1958, Challa and Pfeffer 1980, Pfeffer and Challa 1981, Challa et al 1998). Montgomery and Farrell (1993) proposed a mechanism for tropical cyclogenesis resulting from upper-level balanced dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical cyclogenesis and mid-level vorticity

Raymond¹,

Sessions²

2014

AMOJ

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical cyclogenesis and mid-level vorticity

Raymond¹,

Sessions²

2014

AMOJ

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“…This implies that if other forcings are not important, larger EFC will result in a stronger response of the TC's secondary circulation. If the strength of the TC's secondary circulation is positively correlated with its intensity, which is generally true, then one may expect a simple rule that larger EFC is more likely to enhance the outflow and thus intensify the TC (e.g., Challa and Pfeffer, 1980;Pfeffer and Challa, 1981;Molinari and Vollaro, 1990;Qian et al, 2011). However, when EFC becomes large, other factors may come into play.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, they adopted the SEB vortex model to diagnose the relationship between eddy fluxes and Elena's intensity change and found that 200-hPa eddy angular momentum flux convergence (EFC) significantly increased as an upper-level trough swept over Elena's northern part. From then on, the EFC value, which can be computed quantitatively and objectively, has been commonly used as a diagnostic for identifying TC-trough interaction, although the role of EFC in TC intensification was also explored in pioneering works (e.g., Sundqvist, 1970;Challa and Pfeffer, 1980;Pfeffer and Challa, 1981) that used idealized models.…”

Section: Tc Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper-tropospheric environment–tropical cyclone interactions over the western North Pacific: A statistical study

Qian

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Based on 25-year (1987-2011) tropical cyclone (TC) best track data, a statistical study was carried out to investigate the basic features of upper-tropospheric TC-environment interactions over the western North Pacific. Interaction was defined as the absolute value of eddy momentum flux convergence (EFC) exceeding 10 m s −1 d −1 . Based on this definition, it was found that 18% of all six-hourly TC samples experienced interaction. Extreme interaction cases showed that EFC can reach ∼120 m s −1 d −1 during the extratropical-cyclone (EC) stage, an order of magnitude larger than reported in previous studies. Composite analysis showed that positive interactions are characterized by a double-jet flow pattern, rather than the traditional trough pattern, because it is the jets that bring in large EFC from the upper-level environment to the TC center. The role of the outflow jet is also enhanced by relatively low inertial stability, as compared to the inflow jet. Among several environmental factors, it was found that extremely large EFC is usually accompanied by high inertial stability, low SST and strong vertical wind shear (VWS). Thus, the positive effect of EFC is cancelled by their negative effects. Only those samples during the EC stage, whose intensities were less dependent on VWS and the underlying SST, could survive in extremely large EFC environments, or even re-intensify. For classical TCs (not in the EC stage), it was found that environments with a moderate EFC value generally below ∼25 m s −1 d −1 are more favorable for a TC's intensification than those with extremely large EFC.

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“…In the reference experiment, the troughinduced flow forced cyclonic PV advection into the TC core within a deep tropospheric layer above 335 K (L13). Also of importance is the inward eddy flux of cyclonic momentum detected in the upper troposphere of intensifying storms (Pfeffer and Challa 1981). The REFC [see Eq.…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Intensification under Upper-Level Trough Forcing

Leroux

Plu

Roux

2016

Monthly Weather Review

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This study is part of the efforts undertaken to resolve the ''bad trough/good trough'' issue for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity changes and to improve the prediction of these challenging events. Sensitivity experiments are run at 8-km resolution with vortex bogusing to extend the previous analysis of a real case of TC-trough interaction (Dora in 2007). The initial position and intensity of the TC are modified, leaving the trough unchanged to describe a realistic environment. Simulations are designed to analyze the sensitivity of TC prediction to both the variety of TC-trough configurations and the current uncertainty in model analysis of TC intensity and position.Results show that TC intensification under upper-level forcing is greater for stronger vortices. The timing and geometry of the interaction between the two cyclonic potential vorticity anomalies associated with the cutoff low and the TC also play a major role in storm intensification. The intensification rate increases when the TC (initially located 128 northwest of the trough) is displaced 18 closer. By allowing a gradual deformation and equatorward tilting of the trough, both scenarios foster an extended ''inflow channel'' of cyclonic vorticity at midlevels toward the vortex inner core. Conversely, unfavorable interaction is found for vortices displaced 38 or 48 east or northeast. Variations in environmental forcing relative to the reference simulation illustrate that the relationship between intensity change and the 850-200-hPa wind shear is not systematic and that the 200-hPa divergence, 335-350-K mean potential vorticity, or 200-hPa relative eddy momentum fluxes may be better predictors of TC intensification during TC-trough interactions.

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A Numerical Study of the Role of Eddy Fluxes of Momentum in the Development of Atlantic Hurricanes

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Tropical cyclogenesis and mid-level vorticity

Tropical cyclogenesis and mid-level vorticity

Upper-tropospheric environment–tropical cyclone interactions over the western North Pacific: A statistical study

On the Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Intensification under Upper-Level Trough Forcing

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