A. P. Gulyaev and modern state of the science of steels and alloys having special properties

Abstract

The name of A. P. Gulyaev and his scientific school is connected with many achievements of Russian science in the solution of important problems of metal science. Professor Gulyaev belonged to the group of Russian scientists who developed the science and production of steels and alloys for various branches of Russian industry.The cycle of works in the field of special steels and alloys of various structural classes including corrosion-resistant (stainless), high-temperature alloys, and alloys based of highmelting metals [1 -20] occupies a special place.In 1960s-1970s Gulyaev and his colleagues in the I. P. Bardin Central Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy and the Moscow Institute of Chemical Engineering condueted a fundamental study, the results of which have become a base for determining the fundamental principles for alloying corrosion-resistant sparingly-alloyed steels, high-strength alloys of the Fe-Cr-Ni system, and alloys based on highmelting metals (V, Nb, Ta, Mo) operating in media with various corrosion activity.The range of scientific interests of Gulyaev was quite wide. It comprised problems of alloying theory, phase transformations, strength and plasticity, the theory of intercrystallite corrosion and embrittlement, corrosion strength, and high-temperature strength.A combination of deep experimental and theoretical research, permanent widening and improvement of the methods of research, and practical tests of the developed concepts characterized Gulyaev's approach.In early 1960s the demand for corrosion-resistant steels and alloys increased considerably due to the development of chemical engineering. Up to 80% steel was of a universal high-alloy austenite class like KhI8NI0 and the problem of saving nickel came to the forefront. The first native sparingly-alloyed (6% Ni) steels of the austenite-pearlite class were developed (08Kh21N5T and 08Kh21N6M2T) [21] which had advantages over austenitic steels (in strength and local corrosion). steel 08KhI8NIOT and solved it brilliantly. Basing themselves on the known regular features of the structure, the phase composition, the corrosion resistance, and the mechanical properties of alloys in the systems Fe-(18-26)% Cr -(2 -8)% Mn and Fe -(18 -25)% Cr -(2 -8)% Mn -2% Ni they created an austenite-ferrite steel of grade 08Khl8G8N2T (KO-3) having a biphase structure in the range of temperatures of hot deformation and the best set of mechanical and anticorrosion properties having a phase proportion close to 1 : 1 [2,10,11,17]. A. P Gulyaev and T.A. ZhadanSteel 08KhI8G8N2T was produced by the Krasnyi Oktyabr' plant and recommended for the production of welded chemical equipment for manufacturing nitric acid and organic compounds at some chemical enterprises.The structural transformations in corrosion-resistant steels of the austenite-ferrite class cause embrittlement depending on the heating conditions. Gulyaev, Zhadan, and Fel'dgandler [4,17] made a complex research of the effect of various factors (the temperature, the heating time, and the contents of Cr, ...