A Paper-Based Potentiometric Platform for Determination of Water Hardness

Bouhoun, Mohammed L.; Blondeau, Pascal; Louafi, Y.; Andrade, Francisco J.

doi:10.3390/chemosensors9050096

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Potentiometric sensors for monitoring water hardness have been proposed (the sensor also determines the presence of other ions) [19]. Different types of sensors are considered also in [20][21][22]. The method of quantitative analysis of hardness ions has been invented: it is based on the change of color of silver nanoparticles [23].…”

Section: Salts Providing Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Ion Exchange Resins in Water Softening

Dzyazko

2023

Materials Research Foundations

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Surface and groundwater always contain hardness ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+). The hardness is an important characteristic that provides the consumer properties of water. This parameter must be taken into consideration by the stations of water treatment, thermal power plants, the enterprises of chemical, food, pharmaceutical industries. Ion exchange resins, which are intended for water softening, are considered in this chapter. The negative effect of hardness ions on human health and equipment is also a focus of attention. Special approaches for increasing the efficiency of water softening are also reported. These approaches involve combining ion exchange with electrodialysis or ultrasound.

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Section: Salts Providing Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Ion Exchange Resins in Water Softening

Dzyazko

2023

Materials Research Foundations

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“…The electrical potential of 6, 12, and 24 V can be used for removing water hardness instead of chemical treatments (Malakootian et al, 2010) and also for water hardness detection (Bhattacharjee et al, 2013). Hard water can also affect agrochemical adjuvants such as wettable agents and strikers (Hudson, 1934;DeBoer & Larson , 1961;Osorio et al, 2005), while the hardness of the water can be detected via various physical and chemical methods and devices (Capitán-Vallvey et al, 2003;Bhattacharjee et al, 2014;Bouhoun et al, 2021). It could be difficult to determine the sensitiveness of the agrochemical products, especially for complex natural based products additionally enhanced with various spray adjuvants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage dependence of rock meal based foliar fertilizers with ISR properties, water solutions

Ganchev¹

2023

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The electrical conductivity of several rock meal based fertilizers with expressed ISR activity, measured as voltage dropping when their distilled water solution was affected with low – voltage electric currents of 5 volts (DC and AC) was examined. For comparison, hard and soft tap water (with 196 and 65 ppm CaCO3 hardness), 1% distilled water solutions of NaCL and CuSO4.5H2O solution and 0.1% solution of organosilicone surfactant were also tested in the conducted trials. The result shows that hard water, solutions of NaCL and CuSO4.5H2O and solutions of fertilizers with fulvic acids content can cause drops in the voltage of electric currents. The same results were received for the fertilizer on the basis of K2O, SiO2, Cu, although other products with similar content do not cause a voltage decrease. There were no differences in the conducted tests between the DC and AC electric currents.

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“…Recently, great attention has been paid towards paper-based analytical devices as a powerful tool for environmental monitoring and point-of-care (POC) testing. ,− This can be explained by their self-pumping ability and suitability for different analytical methods . The use of paper in the design of these analytical devices lies in its low cost, lightweight, flexible characteristics, compatibility with a wide range of patterning methods, and easily disposable flow generation without the need of external pumps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-Based Potentiometric Device for Rapid and Selective Determination of Salicylhydroxamate as a Urinary Struvite Stone Inhibitor

et al. 2021

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Novel paper-based potentiometric platforms for rapid, costeffective, and simple determination of the salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) drug are presented. Both the SHAM sensor and the reference Ag/AgCl electrode were integrated together on the miniaturized paper platforms. The ion-sensing membrane for the presented sensor is based on the use of Sn IV -tetraphenylporphyrin (Sn IV TPP) as a charged carrier within a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as an ion-to-electron transducer. The resulting sensor revealed a rapid and stable response with a Nernstian slope of −59.3 ± 0.7 mV/decade over the linear range of 1.0 × 10 −6 to 1.0 × 10 −3 M and a detection limit of 0.7 μM. All measurements were carried out in 30 mM phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) at pH 7.2. Intra-and interday precision were measured and found to be 1.7%. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) ( = 5) was calculated as 2.43% after utilizing five different electrodes (n = 5). The selectivity behavior of the prepared electrodes in the absence and presence of ionic additives was evaluated. The selectivity pattern showed a non-Hofmeister selectivity pattern in the existence of anionic additives with enhanced potentiometric selectivity for SHAM over different lipophilic anions (e.g., ClO 4 − , SCN − , and I − ). The presented device was successfully applied for SHAM determination in pharmaceutical preparations. This paper-based analytical device can be potentially manufactured at large scales and provides a portable, rapid, disposable, and cost-effective analytical tool for measuring the SHAM drug.

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A Paper-Based Potentiometric Platform for Determination of Water Hardness

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Applications of Ion Exchange Resins in Water Softening

Applications of Ion Exchange Resins in Water Softening

Voltage dependence of rock meal based foliar fertilizers with ISR properties, water solutions

Paper-Based Potentiometric Device for Rapid and Selective Determination of Salicylhydroxamate as a Urinary Struvite Stone Inhibitor

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