A Paradigm Shift in the Development of Anti-Candida Drugs

Abstract

Background: The considerable increase in the incidence of Candida infection in recent times has prompted the use of numerous antifungal agents, which has resulted in the development of resistance towards various antifungal agents. With rising Candida infections, the need for design and development of novel antifungal agents is in great demand. However, new therapeutic approaches are very essential in preventing the mortality rate and improving the patient outcome in those suffering from Candida infections. Objective: The present review objective is to describe the burden, types of Candidiasis, mechanism of action of antifungal agents and its resistance and the current novel approaches used to combat candidiasis. Methods: We have collected and analyzed 135 different peer-reviewed literature studies pertinent to candidiasis. In this review, we have compiled the major findings from these studies. Results and Conclusion: The review describes the concerns related to candidiasis, its current treatment strategy, resistance mechanisms and imminent ways to tackle the problem. The review explored that natural plant extracts and essential oils could act as sources of newer therapeutic agents, however, the focus was on novel strategies, such as combinational therapy, new antibodies, utilization of photodynamic therapy and adaptive transfer primed immune cells with emphasis on the development of effective vaccination.