A Patient With Bilateral Conjunctivitis Positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a Conjunctival Sample

Sırakaya, Ender; Sahiner, Mustafa; Sirakaya, Hatice Aslan

doi:10.1097/ico.0000000000002485

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There have been publications recording human infections with isolated SARS-CoV-2 positive conjunctivitis in Saudi and Turkish colleagues without any general disease during the 2019–2022 SARS-CoV-2. This type of infection suggests a special conclusion that an ocular infection will result in a systemic immunization [ 6 , 7 ]. If isolated infection of the eye with SARS-CoV-2 leads to a systemic immune response, this finding could be useful in innovative approaches to combat the pandemic, especially due to the fact that an immunizing SARS-CoV2 infection can take place at another site of the boy, excluding the normal transmission mechanism of breathing and thus preventing spreading and autoinfection of the lungs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Infection with SARS-CoV-2 as a Route to Systemic Immunization?

Schrage

Blomet

Holzer

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Infectious diseases of the conjunctiva and cornea usually leave behind both broad local and systemic immunity. Case reports of SARS-CoV-2-positive conjunctivitis with subsequent systemic immunity suggest a new route of immunization preventing the primary infection of the airways. Material and Methods: A total of 24 Syrian field hamsters were treated. In systematic animal experiments, we infected the eyes of n = 8 animals (group 1) and the airways of another n = 8 animals (group 2) with SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan type); n = 8 hamsters served as controls (group 3). The weight development of the animals was recorded. After two weeks of observation of disease symptoms, all animals were re-exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract (challenge) to determine whether immunity to the virus had been achieved. Results: The epi-ocularly infected animals (group 1) showed no clinically visible disease during the ocular infection phase. At most, there was a slightly reduced weight gain compared to the control group (group 3), while the respiratory infected animals (group 2) all lost weight, became lethargic, and slowly recovered after two weeks. After the challenge, none of the animals in groups 1 and 2 became ill again. The animals in the negative control (group 3) all became ill. Cytotoxic antibodies were detectable in the blood of the infected groups before and after challenge, with higher titers in the epi-ocularly infected animals. Conclusion: By epi-ocular infection with SARS-CoV-2, the development of systemic immunity with formation of cytotoxic antibodies without severe general disease could be observed in the experimental animals, which did not induce any more disease upon a second infection in the respiratory tract. Therefore, it can be concluded that a purely epi-ocular infection with SARS-CoV2 only induces a weak disease pattern followed by systemic immunity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Infection with SARS-CoV-2 as a Route to Systemic Immunization?

Schrage

Blomet

Holzer

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…In this case report and brief review, we focused on the unusual and atypical clinical presentations of COVID-19. In the literature, we found cases reported with unusual or atypical presentations, like leg pain or swelling with venous thrombosis, 6 , 7 , 8 loss of consciousness with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, 9 confusion, 10 acute conjunctivitis, 11 , 12 left facial drop and arm weakness with brain infarction, 13 facial neuralgia with herpes zoster, 14 right iliac fossa pain like appendicitis, 15 and abdominal pain accompanied by testicular pain 16 ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 11 32-y-o Male Eye redness, stinging, watery discharge, and photophobia CXR→ unremarkable Chest CT→ unremarkable +ve Sirakaya et al. 12 40-y-o Male Bilateral acute conjunctivitis NA +ve Doo et al. 13 55-y-o Male Left wrist droop, left facial droop, and left arm weakness CTA of the head and neck→ large thrombus in the right CCA and acute right frontal infarction (PRES-like) +ve de Freitas et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual and atypical presentation of the novel coronavirus: A case report and brief review of the literature

Alshoabi

Haider

Mostafa

et al. 2021

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious novel infection that predominantly presents with fever and respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 can masquerade as an acute coronary syndrome, leg pain or swelling with venous thrombosis, loss of consciousness with cerebral venous thrombosis, confusion, limb weakness with brain infarction, facial neuralgia, acute conjunctivitis, acute appendicitis, and testicular pain. We report on a 42-year-old man who presented with mild symptoms of COVID-19. The patient's electrocardiogram showed an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to a left coronary thrombosis. The patient was managed conservatively with medicines and had an uneventful recovery. Emergency physicians should have a high index of suspicion for the unusual presentations of COVID-19.

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“…In recent case reports, some peculiar and uncommon symptoms exhibited by patients infected with COVID-19 including delirium with psychosis with no past psychiatric history 49 , hypermetabolism 50 , neuromuscular manifestation (i.e., myopathy, severe rhabdomyolysis) 51,52 , encephalitis 53 , acute pancreatitis with no history of past medical illness 54 , bilateral conjunctivitis 55 , and guillain barre syndrome 56 .…”

Section: Fig 4: Representing the Most Common Symptoms Of Covid-19 Infection In Beijingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Houacine¹,

Ibrahim²,

Alnasif³

et al. 2021

IJPSR

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The outbreak of a novel coronavirus 2019 was traced back in China in late 2019, followed by their worldwide transmission as a pandemic. From January to August 2020, a total of 1,724 papers were published, where 125 were only published in August 2020, demonstrating the importance and need for current awareness and research to overcome this deleterious virus. This paper briefly highlighted the major characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 in detail, including; a brief history of coronavirus, various transmission routes, range of mild to severe symptoms, available diagnostic tests, treatment options, measures for infection control and prevention, and particular emphasis on self-acceptance and upholding to face mask-wearing. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is limitless and has affected all the nation throughout the horizon; the voyage is indeed hard but not impossible to overcome. However, it is the responsibility of each and every individual to be cautious, know, and understand their role in this difficult situation. To conclude, due to the lack of cohesive data, this review has collated the most recent literature regarding COVID-19 and provided the reader with clear and simple knowledge and instructions on the control and prevention of COVID-19 and hence to protect the most vulnerable population. INTRODUCTION:On the 11 th March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 disease (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) as a pandemic.

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A Patient With Bilateral Conjunctivitis Positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a Conjunctival Sample

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Eye Infection with SARS-CoV-2 as a Route to Systemic Immunization?

Eye Infection with SARS-CoV-2 as a Route to Systemic Immunization?

An unusual and atypical presentation of the novel coronavirus: A case report and brief review of the literature

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