A Pediatric Renal Lymphoma Case Presenting with Central Nervous System Findings

Abstract

In pediatric patients renal lymphoma frequently presents in the form of multiple, bilateral mass lesions, infrequently as a single or retroperitoneal mass, and rarely as diffuse infiltrative lesions. In patients with apparent central nervous system involvement close attention to other physical and laboratory findings are essential for preventing a delay in the final diagnosis. Herein we present a pediatric patient with renal lymphoma that presented with central nervous system findings that caused a delay in diagnosis.Conflict of interest:None declared.

Primary renal lymphoma: A case report and literature review

“…PRL is often present on only one side of the kidney in adult patients, whereas it can be bilateral in pediatric patients (6,7). PRL lacks clear clinical manifestations and appears to be similar to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), renal abscess and other kidney tumor metastases.…”

Bilateral primary renal lymphoma in a pediatric patient: Staging and response evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT

“…7 However in comparison with adult bilateral involvement it seems to be more common in the children. 5 Conventional imaging modalities have been used for the evaluation of renal masses but their findings are not pathognomic. Non-contrast CT scan is usually performed in these patients due to the presence of renal failure which revealed only bilateral kidney enlargement.…”

“…There are many differential diagnosis of bilateral kidney enlargement in this age group such as leukemia (particularly acute myeloid leukemia), Wilm's tumor, multiple angiomyolipoma, fungal infections, cystic renal diseases, and metastatic disease. 5 Histopathology remains the gold standard. 8 The role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT is evolving in the management of lymphoma.…”

“…In 6-70% of the pediatric patients it presents in the form of numerous bilateral renal masses, versus a single unilateral lesion or bilateral mass lesions in 10-20%, and a retroperitoneal mass with diffuse renal enlargement in 5-10%. 5 Lymphoma can be clearly visualized as an area of intense 18 F-FDG uptake. Combined 18 F-FDG PET/CT allows immediate initiation of induction therapy even before biopsy results are available.…”

Bilateral primary renal lymphoma in a pediatric patient: Staging and response evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT

“…2 Acute renal failure (ARF), flank pain and detection of a renal mass are the most frequent manifestations. 5 Lymphoma can be clearly visualized as an area of intense 18 F-FDG uptake. 4 The pathological diagnosis of renal lymphoma in pediatric cases is commonly Burkitt's lymphoma.…”