A Permanent Magnet Undulator for SPEAR

Halbach, K.; Chin, J.; Hoyer, E.; Winick, H.; Cronin, R H; Yang, James; Zambre, Y.

doi:10.1109/tns.1981.4332031

Cited by 91 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The M = 4 case offers a higher field than either of these but requires four feature lengths per period, making it unsuitable for undulators with especially short periods. An expression in [3] gives the peak field strength for PPM, rectangle magnet Halbach arrays:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Practical realizations of Halbach arrays consist of discrete magnets, each with a unique, constant magnetization vector, arranged to approximate the idealized case. Halbach arrays have been used extensively in beamline magnets including the construction of permanent magnet wigglers and undulators [3][4][5][6] and multipole magnets including dipoles [7] and quadrupoles [8]. In addition to the pure permanent magnet (PPM) arrays, hybrid arrays consisting of both hard and soft ferromagnetic materials are also used [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Comb Fabricated Halbach Undulators

Majernik

Rosenzweig

2019

Instruments

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An approach to fabricating Halbach array undulators using “combs” machined from single magnets is introduced. This technique is especially relevant to the fabrication of short period micro-undulators with period lengths considerably less than the few-centimeter-scale typical of current undulators. Manual, magnet-by-magnet assembly of micro-undulators would require the manipulation and alignment of thousands of magnets smaller than a grain of rice: comb fabrication dramatically increases the size of the basic unit cell of assembly with no increase in undulator period by creating many periods from a single piece, in a single machining modality. Further, as these comb teeth are intrinsically indexed to each other, tolerances are dictated by a single manufacturing step rather than accumulating errors by assembling many tiny magnets relative to each other. Different Halbach geometries, including M ′ = 2 , M ′ = 4 , isosceles triangle, and hybrid, are examined both from a theoretical perspective and with 3D magnetostatic simulations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Comb Fabricated Halbach Undulators

Majernik

Rosenzweig

2019

Instruments

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“…Prior to this, only superconducting magnets were used to achieve the required performance and these posed complications in a facility that was still primarily used for high-energy-physics colliding-beam experiments. In collaboration with Halbach, the first undulator (Halbach et al, 1981) (a 2m-long pure permanent-magnet device with a period length of 6.1 cm and a maximum K value of 1.4, see Fig. 4) was designed in 1979.…”

Section: Early Source Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Work with Synchrotron Radiation at Stanford

Doniach

Hodgson²,

Lindau³

et al. 1997

J Synchrotron Radiat

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The use of synchrotron radiation in the soft and hard X-ray spectral region received major impetus with the start of parasitic operation of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project (SSRP) in 1974. This was the first time that synchrotron radiation from a multi-GeV electron storage ring was made available in a user facility for studying the structure of matter. Here we review the early work at SSRP as well as the activities that preceded it, highlighting the scientific accomplishments (sof X-ray photoemission, EXAFS, protein crystallography), beamline instrumentation developments and source improvements. The early work using bending-magnet radiation led to the funding of several dedicated facilities in the US and elsewhere in the world -the so-called second-generation light sources. Early work with wiggler and undulator insertion devices led to funding of third-generation sources better optimized for insertion device sources, particularly undulators.

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“…The use of periodic undulators and of wigglers to achieve higher brightness (energy radiated per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle) and to modify the spectral character of the radiation by storage rings is by now well-established. 4 Due to complexity and construction costs of electromagnets (conventional or superconducting) recent developments in the fabrication of high-field, rare-earth cobalt permanent magnets 5 , 6 have led to their almost-universal use as insertion devices in storage rings.…”

Section: X-ray Radiation In An Electromagnetic Undulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

An X-Ray Source for Lithography Based on a Quasi-Optical Maser Undulator

Sprangle¹,

Hafizi²,

Mako³

1989

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A Permanent Magnet Undulator for SPEAR

Cited by 91 publications

References 4 publications

Design of Comb Fabricated Halbach Undulators

Design of Comb Fabricated Halbach Undulators

Early Work with Synchrotron Radiation at Stanford

An X-Ray Source for Lithography Based on a Quasi-Optical Maser Undulator

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