A Peroxidase‐Based Biosensor Supported by Nanoporous Magnetic Silica Microparticles for Acetaminophen Biotransformation and Inhibition Studies

Abstract

Magnetized nanoporous silica based microparticles (MMPs) were used for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization and applied for amperometric peroxidase-based biosensor development. A magnetized carbon paste electrode permitted the MMPs attraction. The biosensor was applied to the investigation of the enzymatic oxidation of acetaminophen (paracetamol). The biosensor operated at low applied potential and the signal corresponded to the electroreduction of N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) generated by the enzyme HRP in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The biosensor allowed performing the quantitation of acetaminophen in the micromolar concentration range and the comparative study of thiols which inhibited the biosensor response. Distinct inhibition results were observed for HRP entrapped in the silica microparticles compared to the soluble HRP.

Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Acetaminophen, and Tryptophan by Square Wave Voltammetry Using N‐(3,4‐Dihydroxyphenethyl)‐3,5‐Dinitrobenzamide‐Modified Carbon Nanotubes Paste Electrode

“…As its ready access has resulted in its increased use in attempted suicide [21], a simple and reliable method is required for its precise and rapid determination. To date, various techniques including titrimetry [22,23], spectrophotometry [24][25][26][27], high performance liquid chromatography [28][29][30][31], fluorimetry [32], and electrochemical methods [33][34][35] have been reported for the determination of acetaminophen. In therapeutic applications, acetaminophen is often found in association with ascorbic acid and/or other pharmacologically and biologically active compounds [36,37].…”

Electrochemical Biosensors for Drug Analysis

“…HRP has been immobilized onto electrodes for drug peroxidation study in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Drug compounds such as acetaminophen [25,68], clozapine [69], levetiracetam [70], phenothiazine [71], promazine, promethazine [72], and rifampicine [22] were determined by amperometry at a HRP-modified electrode as shown in Fig. 6.9.…”

“…Generally, the transduction system is based on monitoring hydrogen peroxide electrooxidation. Taking advantage of the high selectivity of these enzymes, simultaneous detection of S-and R-captopril [77] or S-and R-perindopril [78] has been possible using flow injection [68] analysis with sequential injection at a rate of more than 30 samples per hour. Application to pharmaceuticals has been realized.…”

Can peroxygenase and microperoxidase substitute cytochrome P450 in biosensors

“…This principle is well established for peroxidase-based enzyme electrodes [22][23][24] and is also suitable for the peroxide-dependent P450 catalysis. On the other hand, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in side reactions of the substrate conversion can be indicated by amperometric electrodes for superoxide [25] or peroxide.…”