“…As shown in Figure 1C , the CDs nanozyme mainly consist of C (284.6 eV, at.% = 78.96), O (530.5 eV, at.% = 17.71), and N (398.5 eV, at.% = 3.33) elements. In Figure 1D , the high-resolution C 1s spectrum reveals three peaks at 284.2, 285.1, 285.7, and 287.6 eV assigned to C−C/C=C, C−N, C−O, and C=O/C=N, respectively ( Dai et al, 2022 ). The HR XPS O 1s spectrum has two peaks, which are attributed to C=O (530.5 eV) and C−O (531.3 eV) bonds, respectively ( Figure 1E ) ( Chen et al, 2021 ).…”