A phosphorus/silicon-based, hyperbranched polymer for high-performance, fire-safe, transparent epoxy resins

Shi, Qingping; Huo, Siqi; Wang, Cheng; Ye, Guofeng; Yu, Lingfeng; Fang, Zhengping; Wang, Hao; Liu, Zhitian

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110065

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Among the materials with excellent flame-retardant properties, the organophosphorus compounds have been much studied recently [ 19 , 20 ]. Xie et al [ 21 ] prepared 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide derivative grafted polyethylene films to improve the flame retardant and anti-dripping properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and Flame-Retardant Properties of a Series of Polyimides Containing Side Chained Bulky Phosphaphenanthrene Units

Homocianu¹,

Serbezeanu²,

Lisă

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Among the multitude of polymers with carbon-based macromolecular architectures that easily ignite in certain applications where short circuits may occur, polyimide has evolved as a class of polymers with high thermal stability while exhibiting intrinsic flame retardancy at elevated temperatures via a char-forming mechanism. However, high amounts of aromatic rings in the macromolecular backbone are required for these results, which may affect other properties such as film-forming capacity or mechanical properties; thus, much work has been done to structurally derivatize or make hybrid polyimide systems. In this respect, flexible polyimide films (PI(1–4)) containing bulky 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) units have been developed starting from commercial dianhydrides and an aromatic diamine containing two side chain bulky DOPO groups. The chemical structure of PI(1–4)) was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The optical properties, including absorption and luminescence spectra of these polymers, were analyzed. All polyimides containing DOPO derivatives emitted blue light with an emission maxima in the range of 340–445 nm, in solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, chloroform, and N,N-dimethylacetamide, while green light emission (λem = 487 nm for PI-4) was evidenced in a thin-film state. The thermal decomposition mechanism and flame-retardant behavior of the resulting materials were investigated by pyrolysis-gas-chromatography spectrometry (Py-GC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX maps and FTIR spectroscopy. The residues resulting from the TGA experiments were examined by SEM microscopy images and FTIR spectra to understand the pyrolysis mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and Flame-Retardant Properties of a Series of Polyimides Containing Side Chained Bulky Phosphaphenanthrene Units

Homocianu¹,

Serbezeanu²,

Lisă

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The FPI is the ratio of TTI to PHRR, and the FIGRA is the ratio of PHRR to time to PHRR (T PHRR ). 32,33 As shown in Figure 4b and Table 3, all P/N-containing VER samples showed higher FPI and lower FIGRA values than VER sample. For instance, the FPI of VER-1.3 sample was 0.021 m 2 s/kW, which was 50% higher than that of virgin VER.…”

Section: Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression Of Ver Samplesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Inherent flame‐retardant vinyl ester resins with improved heat resistance enabled by additional P/N‐containing cross‐linking points

Qiu

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Due to the plasticizing effect, the phosphorus-derived flame retardants often imparted flame retardancy to thermosetting resins at the expense of heat resistance. To address this issue, the phosphorous/nitrogen flame retardant (DOPO-TGIC) and 4,4 0 -diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) were covalently introduced into the cross-linked network of vinyl ester resin (VER) by the reaction of the OH groups in DOPO-TGIC and VER and the NCO groups in MDI. Thus, an intrinsically flame-retardant VER was obtained. The as-prepared VER sample exhibited increased glass-transition temperature (T g ) relative to virgin VER sample because DOPO-TGIC served as an additional cross-linking point during curing. Meanwhile, the P/N-containing VER sample featured superior flame-retardant properties, with a UL-94V-0 classification. Compared with VER sample, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the P/N-containing VER sample were reduced by 55.6% and 44.0%, respectively. The improved flame retardancy was mainly due to the suppressed burning reaction in the gas phase and improved carbonization capacity in the condensed phase. Therefore, this work proposes a novel and effective strategy for addressing the trade-off between T g and flame retardancy of thermosetting resins.

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“…As shown in Figure 6C, gases (nonflammable H 2 O, CO and CO 2 and flammable hydrocarbons) and pyrolysis compounds are generated during thermal degradation. Importantly, the total and characteristic absorptions assigned to the hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds of the PCNF/CS-M film are all lower than those of the virgin ones [Supplementary Figure 13], revealing evidence of the suppressed formation or release of flammable gases [37] . Furthermore, the appearance of the characteristic peak corresponding P=O at 1273 cm -1 indicates the free radical capturing effect produced by phosphorus-containing groups in the gas phase [38] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically flexible and flame-retardant cellulose nanoﬁbril-based films integrated with MXene and chitosan

2022

Soft Sci

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Remarkable flame-retardant and integrated mechanical properties are essential requirements for the potential applications of bio-based films in industrial areas. Unfortunately, the design and fabrication of such film materials that possess a good trade-off between mechanical properties and flame-retardant performance remain significant challenges. Here, phosphorylated cellulose nanofibril-based films (PCNFs) integrated with chitosan (CS) and MXene (PCNF/CS-M) are fabricated via a facile water evaporation-induced self-assembly method. An evident reinforcement of the mechanical performance can be achieved by constructing additional interactions (i.e., hydrogen bonding and nanoreinforcement) among the hybrid network, which endows the optimized films with highly improved and balanced mechanical performance (i.e., tensile strength of 172.1 MPa, tensile strain of 8.0%, Young's modulus of 4.4 GPa and toughness of 8.5 MJ/m -3 ). Furthermore, the resultant films also exhibit outstanding flame resistance, as clearly illustrated by their structural integrity after cyclic testing using a butane

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A phosphorus/silicon-based, hyperbranched polymer for high-performance, fire-safe, transparent epoxy resins

Cited by 50 publications

References 60 publications

Optical and Flame-Retardant Properties of a Series of Polyimides Containing Side Chained Bulky Phosphaphenanthrene Units

Optical and Flame-Retardant Properties of a Series of Polyimides Containing Side Chained Bulky Phosphaphenanthrene Units

Inherent flame‐retardant vinyl ester resins with improved heat resistance enabled by additional P/N‐containing cross‐linking points

Mechanically flexible and flame-retardant cellulose nanoﬁbril-based films integrated with MXene and chitosan

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