A Pill-a-Month Contraceptive

Maqueotopete, M; Berman, Edel; Soberón, Javier; Calderón, Juan José Arechederra

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)37203-x

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Steroidal hormones, one kind of EDCs, are major part of oral contraceptives which have the potential to exert estrogenic effects in the low ng/L level [2]. The most widely used form of hormonal contraception is the combination of steroidal hormones [4][5][6][7][8]. Those steroidal hormones and their metabolites are constantly excreted into the sewers environment and continue to accumulate in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of 15 steroidal oral contraceptives in water using solid-phase disk extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Sun

Yong

Chu

et al. 2009

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tA rapid, accurate and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 15 steroidal hormones including four estrogens (estrone, 17␤-estradiol, 17␣-ethynylestradiol, estriol) and eleven progestogens (17␤-estradiol-3-benzoate, 19-norethindrone, gestodene, levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone, cyproterone acetate, megestrol-17-acetate, progesterone, norethindrone acetate, chlormadinone-17-acetate, and hydroxy progesterone caproate) in environmental waters was developed by coupling solid-phase disk extraction (SPDE) to ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization. Among three types of extraction tested (C 8 SPDE, C 18 SPDE and C 18 SPE), the most satisfactory result was achieved using C 18 SPDE for its satisfactory recovery (75.6 to 101.4%) and short extraction time (15 min for 1 L deionised water). The validity of this method was investigated and good analytical performance for all the analytes was obtained, including low limits of method detection (0.5-3.4 ng/L) and excellent linear dynamic range (1.0-50.0 ng/L). The method was applied to determine the steroidal hormones in 10 environmental waters including tap water, river water, lake water and waste water in Beijing. No progestogen was detected in all samples and estrone, estriol, 17␣-ethynylestradiol were found in most samples at levels between 1.8 and 127.9 ng/L.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of 15 steroidal oral contraceptives in water using solid-phase disk extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Sun

Yong

Chu

et al. 2009

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…They also seem to require relatively rigid adherence to the dosage schedule and many of the experimental drugs have pregnancy rates significantly higher than the combined orals (Vessey et al, 1972). A once-amonth oral steroid contraceptive (quinestrolquingestanol) which is a fat-stored preparation is now undergoing trials but the pregnancy rate with this preparation appears high (Maqueo-Topete et al, 1969). Sterilization.…”

Section: (1) Research To Establish Fitth Tiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Needs for New Fertility Control Technology

Speidel

Ravenholt

1972

Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco

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“…Investigations of this mode of contraception, begun in Mexico several years ago (Maqueo-Topete et al, 1969), have been extended to other countries Larranaga and Berman, 1970). When quinestrol and QA were administered on a once-a-month program, signifi cant increases in triglyceride and phospholipids were noted, but the average plasma cholesterol levels did not change (Sachs and Wolfman, 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quingestanol Acetate Metabolism in Women

Aceto

et al. 1974

Pharmacology

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Quingestanol acetate was absorbed rapidly and showed a high order of bioavailability after oral administration to women. The composition of the radioactive steroids in the plasma of the subjects suggests that the initial biotransformation of the drug involves two pathways, namely, deacylation to quingestanol and O-dealkylation to norethindrone acetate, and that both of these metabolites are subsequently converted to norethindrone.

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A Pill-a-Month Contraceptive

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Simultaneous determination of 15 steroidal oral contraceptives in water using solid-phase disk extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of 15 steroidal oral contraceptives in water using solid-phase disk extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Needs for New Fertility Control Technology

Quingestanol Acetate Metabolism in Women

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