A Pilot Comparative Study of Submerge vs. Non- Submerg Saturated Salt Solution Human Cadavers Embalming Method by Gross, Histological, and Microbiological Evaluation

Abstract

Objective: To investigate and develop the saturated salt embalming method and evaluate the cadavers.Materials and Methods: Eight cadavers were embalmed with a saturated salt solution (SSS) by submerged (SG, N=2) and non-submerged (NSG, N=6), then evaluated by gross dissection, which compared to living humans, fresh and Thiel’s cadavers. The histological evaluation was compared to textbook pictures. The assessments were recorded on a Likert scale from 0 (no resemblance) to 5 (most resemblance). Pre-and post-embalming swabs were collected for bacterial and fungal cultures and lung tissues for acid-fast staining and mycobacterial cultures. Comparisons between the evaluated items were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The Likert scale results were reported by percentage.Results: The submerge method (N=2) was terminated after three months of embalming because it showed insufficient quality for dissection. Six cadavers in NSG had gross tissue qualities that resembled living humans or fresh cadavers on a scale of 3 or 4. NSG had excellent joint flexibility. The histological tissues showed similarity to textbook pictures, with a scale of 4 or 5. There were bacterial and fungal cultures at the end of embalming. The pathogenic bacteria were Clostridium perfringens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mycobacterium cultures were negative.Conclusion: Injected SSS, 80% total body water volume, is a promising embalming method that yields cadavers with high tissue quality, flexible joints, and good histological structures. However, this technique cannot eliminate bacteria and normal flora. It may result from the tropical climate setting.

The effects of enhanced formaldehyde clearance in a gross anatomy laboratory by floor plan redesign and dissection table adjustment

“…The covers of the dissection tables were opened 24 h per day for 2 weeks before perineum measurement (Durongphan et al 2020 ). This finding is consistent with our institution’s pilot study, and Tanaka et al found that opening the cadaver covers released formaldehyde vapor that had been trapped (Durongphan 2019 ; Tanaka et al 2003 ). In this study, the opening of the 24-h table covers throughout the academic year, together with floor plan redesign, lowered the mean S-level by 64.18% from 1.34 ± 0.71 ppm in 2018 to 0.48 ± 0.26 ppm in 2019 and the mean R-level (0.17 ± 0.09 ppm) decreased 70.18% from 2018 (0.57 ± 0.27 ppm).…”