A Pilot Study of Open Label Sesame Oil in Hypertensive Diabetics

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sesame oil in hypertensive diabetics medicated with atenolol (beta-blocker) and glibenclamide (sulfonylurea). This open label trial with two intervention periods comprised 22 male and 18 female patients, 45-65 years old, with mild to moderate hypertension and diabetes. Sesame oil (Idhayam Gingelly oil, V.V.V. & Sons, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India) was supplied to the patients, who were instructed to use it in place of other cooking oils for 45 days. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG)], lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)], electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride), and enzymic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and nonenzymic (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and reduced glutathione) antioxidants were measured at baseline and after 45 days of sesame oil substitution. The same patients were then switched over to other oils like palm or groundnut oils as their regular oils at random for another 45 days, and the investigations were carried out again at the end. Systolic and diastolic BP decreased remarkably. When oil substitution was withdrawn, BP values rose again. Body weight, body mass index, girth of waist, girth of hip, and waist:hip ratio were reduced upon substitution of sesame oil. Plasma glucose, HbA1c, TC, LDL-C, and TG were decreased. TBARS level was reduced, while the activities of enzymic and the levels of nonenzymic antioxidants were increased. Plasma sodium levels were reduced, while potassium levels were elevated. These results indicate that substitution of sesame oil as the sole edible oil has an additive effect in further lowering BP and plasma glucose in hypertensive diabetics.

Organogelation: It’s Food Application

“…34 Addition of sesame oil can be desirable in producing soy ice cream. Sesame oil has a compound called Sesamol that causes resistance against oxidation, also contains lignin having antioxidant property and has amounts of vitamin E. 41 Further, sesame oil consists of unsaturated fatty acids like Oleic acid and Linoleic acid having dietary and health importance. The addition of cocoa powder in soymilk based ice cream production can be suitable as it removes beany flavour of soymilk and improves its organoleptic quality.…”

The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension

“…Sesame has been shown to reduce BP in a several small randomized, placebo controlled human studies over 30-60 d [256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264] . Sesame lowers BP alone [257][258][259][260][261] or in combination with nifedipine [256,260] diuretics and beta blockers [257,261] .…”

“…Sesame lowers BP alone [257][258][259][260][261] or in combination with nifedipine [256,260] diuretics and beta blockers [257,261] . In a group of 13 mild hypertensive subjects, 60 mg of sesamin for 4 wk lowered SBP 3.5 mmHg (p < 0.044) and DBP 1.9 mmHg (p < 0.045) [258] .…”

“…Sesame oil at 35 g/d significantly lowered central BP within 1 h and also maintained BP reduction chronically in 30 hypertensive subjects, reduced heart rate, reduced arterial stiffness, decreased augmentation index and pulse wave velocity, decreased HSCRP, improved NO, decreased endothelin-Ⅰ and improved antioxidant capacity [264] . In addition sesame lowers serum glucose, HgbAIC and LDL-C, increases HDL, reduces oxidative stress markers and increases glutathione, SOD, GPx, CAT, vitamins C, E and A [256,257,[258][259][260][261] . The active ingredients are natural ACEI's such as sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol glucosides, furoufuran lignans which also suppressors of NF-κB [262,263] .…”

Anti-Atherosclerotic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Sesame Oil

“…16 Sesame oil plays an important role in controlling hypertension and stress. 17,18 Recently, we revealed the close relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress. 19 Thus, it would be extremely important and beneficial to determine the effects of sesame oil feeding on inflammation and atherosclerosis in vivo.…”