A Poly-Pharmacy Approach to Mitigate Acute Radiation Syndrome

Taliaferro, Lanyn P.; Cassatt, David R.; Horta, Zulmarie Perez; Satyamitra, Merriline M.

doi:10.1667/rade-21-00048.1

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, given the propensity for radiation to induce acute hematopoietic morbidities as well as delayed morbidities, particularly in the lungs, heart, and kidneys, those already suffering from chronic conditions affecting these organs might be at greater risk than otherwise healthy individuals. Therefore, in addition to the supportive therapies expected to be needed by persons suffering an acute high-dose radiation exposure, it is anticipated that a polypharmacy approach for treating organ-specific radiation injuries will also be employed (152).…”

Section: Populations With Comorbidities or Lifestyle Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations of Medical Preparedness to Assess and Treat Various Populations During a Radiation Public Health Emergency

et al. 2023

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During a radiological or nuclear public health emergency, given the heterogeneity of civilian populations, it is incumbent on medical response planners to understand and prepare for a potentially high degree of inter-individual variability in the biological effects of radiation exposure. A part of advanced planning should include a comprehensive approach, in which the range of possible human responses in relation to the type of radiation expected from an incident has been thoughtfully considered. Although there are several reports addressing the radiation response for special populations (as compared to the standard 18–45-year-old male), the current review surveys published literature to assess the level of consideration given to differences in acute radiation responses in certain sub-groups. The authors attempt to bring clarity to the complex nature of human biology in the context of radiation to facilitate a path forward for radiation medical countermeasure (MCM) development that may be appropriate and effective in special populations. Consequently, the focus is on the medical (as opposed to logistical) aspects of preparedness and response. Populations identified for consideration include obstetric, pediatric, geriatric, males, females, individuals of different race/ethnicity, and people with comorbidities. Relevant animal models, biomarkers of radiation injury, and MCMs are highlighted, in addition to underscoring gaps in knowledge and the need for consistent and early inclusion of these populations in research. The inclusion of special populations in preclinical and clinical studies is essential to address shortcomings and is an important consideration for radiation public health emergency response planning. Pursuing this goal will benefit the population at large by considering those at greatest risk of health consequences after a radiological or nuclear mass casualty incident.

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Section: Populations With Comorbidities or Lifestyle Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations of Medical Preparedness to Assess and Treat Various Populations During a Radiation Public Health Emergency

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, many casualties may have only received a partial-body exposure, so these types of radiation models should be considered. Finally, given the 2021 US FDA approval of Nplate ® for hematopoietic ARS, and previous approvals of Neupogen ® and Neulasta ® (2015), and Leukine ® (2018), it is important to understand any drug-drug interactions as well as any potential efficacy synergies if multiple products are used [48]. A thorough knowledge of how the products may interact with one another will be essential to ensure careful and appropriate resource management and could be critical in avoiding scarce resource scenarios.…”

Section: Nature and Complications Of Expected Casualtiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

United States medical preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergencies

2021

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With the end of the Cold War in 1991, U.S. Government (USG) investments in radiation science and medical preparedness were phased out; however, the events of 11 September, which involved a terroristic attack on American soil, led to the re-establishment of funding for both radiation preparedness and development of approaches to address injuries. Similar activities have also been instituted worldwide, as the global threat of a radiological or nuclear incident continues to be a concern. Much of the USG’s efforts to plan for the unthinkable have centred on establishing clear lines of communication between agencies with responsibility for triage and medical response, and external stakeholders. There have also been strong connections made between those parts of the government that establish policies, fund research, oversee regulatory approval, and purchase and stockpile necessary medical supplies. Progress made in advancing preparedness has involved a number of subject matter meetings and tabletop exercises, publication of guidance documents, assessment of available resources, clear establishment of anticipated concepts of operation for multiple radiation and nuclear scenarios, and identification/mobilization of resources. From a scientific perspective, there were clear research gaps that needed to be addressed, which included the need to identify accurate biomarkers and design biodosimetry devices to triage large numbers of civilians, develop decorporation agents that are more amenable for mass casualty use, and advance candidate products to address injuries caused by radiation exposure and thereby improve survival. Central to all these activities was the development of several different animal constructs, since efficacy testing of these approaches requires extensive work in research models that accurately simulate what would be expected in humans. Recent experiences with COVID-19 have provided an opportunity to revisit aspects of radiation preparedness, and leverage those lessons learned to enhance readiness for a possible future radiation public health emergency.

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New pharmaceutical-based strategies that foster the development and promulgation of globally effective medical countermeasures for radiation exposure injuries

Singh,

Seed

2024

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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A Poly-Pharmacy Approach to Mitigate Acute Radiation Syndrome

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Considerations of Medical Preparedness to Assess and Treat Various Populations During a Radiation Public Health Emergency

Considerations of Medical Preparedness to Assess and Treat Various Populations During a Radiation Public Health Emergency

United States medical preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergencies

New pharmaceutical-based strategies that foster the development and promulgation of globally effective medical countermeasures for radiation exposure injuries

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