A porous hexagonal boron nitride powder compact for the production and release of radioactive 11C

Stegemann, S.; Ballof, J.; Cocolios, T. E.; Correia, J. G.; Dockx, Kristof; Poleshchuk, O.; Ramos, J.P.; Schell, Juliana; Stora, T.; Zhang, Fei

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.12.029

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The release efficiency of the BN target was experimentally determined ( 103 ), whereas the efficiency for the N 2 target was calculated. The listed impurities are only the ones originating from the target material itself and its operation.…”

Section: Analysis By Accelerator Component/stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This duration is chosen, considering that in practice the synchrotron is started during the night for beam commissioning and accounting for a full day of operation for therapy. The reader is referred for more information to the corresponding release study ( 103 ). The summary of the expected gas output of the BN target due to evaporated radioisotopes is shown in the top part of Table 4 .…”

Section: Analysis By Accelerator Component/stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical Design Report for a Carbon-11 Treatment Facility

Penescu¹,

Stora

Stegemann

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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Particle therapy relies on the advantageous dose deposition which permits to highly conform the dose to the target and better spare the surrounding healthy tissues and organs at risk with respect to conventional radiotherapy. In the case of treatments with heavier ions (like carbon ions already clinically used), another advantage is the enhanced radiobiological effectiveness due to high linear energy transfer radiation. These particle therapy advantages are unfortunately not thoroughly exploited due to particle range uncertainties. The possibility to monitor the compliance between the ongoing and prescribed dose distribution is a crucial step toward new optimizations in treatment planning and adaptive therapy. The Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an established quantitative 3D imaging technique for particle treatment verification and, among the isotopes used for PET imaging, the 11C has gained more attention from the scientific and clinical communities for its application as new radioactive projectile for particle therapy. This is an interesting option clinically because of an enhanced imaging potential, without dosimetry drawbacks; technically, because the stable isotope 12C is successfully already in use in clinics. The MEDICIS-Promed network led an initiative to study the possible technical solutions for the implementation of 11C radioisotopes in an accelerator-based particle therapy center. We present here the result of this study, consisting in a Technical Design Report for a 11C Treatment Facility. The clinical usefulness is reviewed based on existing experimental data, complemented by Monte Carlo simulations using the FLUKA code. The technical analysis starts from reviewing the layout and results of the facilities which produced 11C beams in the past, for testing purposes. It then focuses on the elaboration of the feasible upgrades of an existing 12C particle therapy center, to accommodate the production of 11C beams for therapy. The analysis covers the options to produce the 11C atoms in sufficient amounts (as required for therapy), to ionize them as required by the existing accelerator layouts, to accelerate and transport them to the irradiation rooms. The results of the analysis and the identified challenges define the possible implementation scenario and timeline.

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Section: Analysis By Accelerator Component/stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis By Accelerator Component/stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Design Report for a Carbon-11 Treatment Facility

Penescu¹,

Stora

Stegemann

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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“…Since the isotope release is often one of the main bottlenecks in exotic and/or intense RIB production [ 4 ], and since the isotope release is governed by diffusion and effusion processes [ 5 , 6 ], targets are usually operated at the highest temperature possible. The maximum temperature is mainly restricted by the vapor pressure of the target material and the sintering rate, which limits the operation time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yttrium Oxide Freeze-Casts: Target Materials for Radioactive Ion Beams

et al. 2021

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Highly porous yttrium oxide is fabricated as ion beam target material in order to produce radioactive ion beams via the Isotope Separation On Line (ISOL) method. Freeze casting allows the formation of an aligned pore structure in these target materials to improve the isotope release. Aqueous suspensions containing a solid loading of 10, 15, and 20 vol% were solidified with a unidirectional freeze-casting setup. The pore size and pore structure of the yttrium oxide freeze-casts are highly affected by the amount of solid loading. The porosity ranges from 72 to 84% and the crosslinking between the aligned channels increases with increasing solid loading. Thermal aging of the final target materials shows that an operation temperature of 1400 °C for 96 h has no significant effect on the microstructure. Thermo-mechanical calculation results, based on a FLUKA simulation, are compared to measured compressive strength and forecast the mechanical integrity of the target materials during operation. Even though they were developed for the particular purpose of the production of short-lived radioactive isotopes, the yttria freeze-cast scaffolds can serve multiple other purposes, such as catalyst support frameworks or high-temperature fume filters.

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