A Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) study of NOx and primary NO2 emissions from Euro 6 diesel passenger cars and comparison with COPERT emission factors

O’Driscoll, Rosalind; ApSimon, Helen; Oxley, Tim; Molden, Nick; Stettler, Marc; Thiyagarajah, Aravinth

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.021

Cited by 148 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…How-ever, in the last decade, it has become clear that measured NO x and NO 2 concentrations have not decreased as fast as would have been anticipated from published emission factors (Carslaw et al, 2011). Several measurement techniques for direct assessment of on-road tailpipe emissions, as reported by Carslaw and Rhys-Taylor (2013) and O'Driscoll et al (2016), have confirmed differences from the official emissions estimates (EFT, Defra, 2016). In-service emissions performance evaluation of Euro 6/VI vehicles (Moody and Tate, 2017) indicated that, whilst Euro VI heavy-duty vehicles and Euro 6 petrol light-duty vehicles are performing broadly as predicted, Euro 6 diesel light-duty vehicles emit NO x at rates exceeding the published data, by factors of up to 4.5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Air quality simulations for London using a coupled regional-to-local modelling system

et al. 2018

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Abstract. A coupled regional-to-local modelling system comprising a regional chemistry-climate model with 5 km horizontal resolution (EMEP4UK) and an urban dispersion and chemistry model with explicit road source emissions (ADMS-Urban) has been used to simulate air quality in 2012 across London. The study makes use of emission factors for NO x and NO 2 and non-exhaust emission rates of PM 10 and PM 2.5 which have been adjusted compared to standard factors to reflect real-world emissions, with increases in total emissions of around 30 % for these species. The performance of the coupled model and each of the two component models is assessed against measurements from background and near-road sites in London using a range of metrics concerning annual averages, high hourly average concentrations and diurnal cycles. The regional model shows good performance compared to measurements for background sites for these metrics, but under-predicts concentrations of all pollutants except O 3 at near-road sites due to the low resolution of input emissions and calculations. The coupled model shows good performance at both background and near-road sites, which is broadly comparable with that of the urban model that uses measured concentrations as regional background, except for PM 2.5 where the under-prediction of the regional model causes the coupled model to also under-predict concentrations. Using the coupled model, it is estimated that 13 % of the area of London exceeded the EU limit value of 40 µg m −3 for annual average NO 2 in 2012, whilst areas of exceedances of the annual average limit values of 40 and 25 µg m −3 for PM 10 and PM 2.5 respectively were negligible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Air quality simulations for London using a coupled regional-to-local modelling system

et al. 2018

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“…In a different approach, real-world emissions from diesel cars and cars with spark-ignition engines are measured by Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) (Weiss et al 2011;Kousoulidou et al 2013;Ntziachristos et al 2016). Several PEMS studies have shown that the Euro emission standards are frequently exceeded, especially the latest standard Euro 6 (Weiss et al 2012;Franco et al 2014;O'Driscoll et al 2016). Almost all of the tested diesel vehicles exceeded the emission limits by at least a factor of 2 and up a factor of 22.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-world vehicle emissions as measured by in situ analysis of exhaust plumes

Peitzmeier

Loschke

Wiedenhaus

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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We conducted a 60-day roadside measurement campaign on a busy street in Münster, Germany, during summer 2016. We used gas and particle concentration measurements with high temporal resolution (10 Hz) to quantify both the emission ratios of nitrogen oxides per carbon dioxide (NO x /CO 2 ) for over 70,000 individual exhaust plumes as well as the emission ratios for size-resolved particle numbers per carbon dioxide (d(PN CO 2 −1 )/dlogD) for about 10,000plumes. The real-world fleet passing by the measurement station consisted of passenger cars (85%), buses (5.9%), light duty commercial vehicles (5.7%), trucks (1.7%), and motorcycles (1.6%). The median measured NO x /CO 2 ratio was 3.33 g kg −1 . The median measured PN/CO 2 emission ratio for particles with diameters between 0.03 and 10 μm was 5.6 × 10 14 kg −1 . We compared our results with the Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) and the Euro 5 and Euro 6 emission standards by employing traffic counts, assuming the diesel-to-gasoline ratios of vehicles according to registration statistics, and estimating that stop-and-go traffic occurred 65% of the time. Using a conservative estimate, our median ratios exceeded the HBEFA data by more than 65% for NO x /CO and by a factor of about 100 for PN/CO 2. Furthermore, our median NO x emission per kilometer travelled (NO x km −1 ) exceeded the Euro 5 emission limit for diesel cars by a factor of 3 and exceeded the Euro 6 limit by almost a factor of 7. Additionally, our median particle number emission (PN km −1 ) exceeded the Euro 5 and Euro 6 limits of diesel cars by a factor of almost 150. These results confirm the presumption that the emissions of a real-world traffic fleet comprehensively exceed the legal limits. Very likely, the widespread presence of defeat devices in vehicle emission control systems plays a major role in this discrepancy. This has a strong impact on the apparent inability of authorities to comply with the legal limits of the NO 2 concentrations in urban air.

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“…Dados de valores de emissão de NO x , analisados por PEMS, de carros à diesel Euro 6, foram investigados em um estudo comparativo com um modelo de emissões computacional COPERT [27] …”

Section: Ozônio E Emissões Evaporativasunclassified

Formação De Ozônio Troposférico: Uma Revisão Da Literatura

Daemme¹,

Silva²,

Netto³

et al. 2017

Blucher Engineering Proceedings

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A crescente preocupação em relação às emissões antropogênicas e seu impacto na qualidade do ar trouxe uma discussão mais aprofundada sobre os poluentes de formação secundária, principalmente o ozônio troposférico. Esta molécula se origina de reações fotoquímicas com radiação ultravioleta e os produtos da queima de combustíveis fósseis, como os óxidos de nitrogênio (NO x ) e os compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV). Assim como o dióxido de carbono (CO 2 ) levanta discussões há décadas a respeito do aumento do efeito estufa, o ozônio (O 3 ) também demanda atenção, principalmente quanto ao meio ambiente e patologias humanas. Estudos anteriores já mostraram forte correlação entre a concentração de ozônio em grandes centros urbanos e a incidência de complicações cardiorrespiratórias e neurológicas. O presente artigo traça um panorama da atual situação dos estudos relacionados à formação do ozônio troposférico como poluente secundário proveniente das emissões veiculares. Apresenta-se uma revisão da literatura dos principais artigos que tratam do assunto no âmbito nacional e internacional, apresentando ao leitor os fundamentos do estado da arte sobre o assunto. ABSTRACT.The increasing concern about anthropogenic emission and its impact on air quality brings a deep discussion about secondary pollutants formation, mainly related to tropospheric ozone. The origin of this molecule is the photochemical reactions between products of burning fossil fuel, such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), in the presence of ultraviolet radiation. Like carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) raises discussions for decades about the growing greenhouse effect, ozone also requires attention, mainly related to the environment and human pathologies. Previous studies have already shown strong correlations between ozone concentration in large urban centers and the incidence of cardiorespiratory and neurological complications. The present paper develops an overall picture of the current studies' situation associated to tropospheric ozone formation as a secondary pollutant produced from vehicular emissions. A literature review is presented, regarding the main articles related to the subject in both national and international scenario, presenting to the reader the state of the art fundamentals.

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A Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) study of NOx and primary NO2 emissions from Euro 6 diesel passenger cars and comparison with COPERT emission factors

Cited by 148 publications

References 23 publications

Air quality simulations for London using a coupled regional-to-local modelling system

Air quality simulations for London using a coupled regional-to-local modelling system

Real-world vehicle emissions as measured by in situ analysis of exhaust plumes

Formação De Ozônio Troposférico: Uma Revisão Da Literatura

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