A Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument for Analyzing Dust Wipe Samples for Lead: Evaluation with Field Samples

Sterling, David A.; Lewis, Roger D.; Luke, Douglas A.; Shadel, Brooke N.

doi:10.1006/enrs.2000.4058

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This observation was similar to those stated by Vanhoof et al (2004) and Hou et al (2004), but contradictory to those stated by Sterling et al (2000). Different results for accuracy of the XRF may result from differences in calibration methods (Kalnicky and Singhvi, 2001).…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…These results are similar to those obtained during a study using XRF for identification of CCA-treated wood (Blassino et al, 2002). The positive correlation between precision and concentration was also noted by Sterling et al (2000).…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The XRF units commercially available are calibrated to soil standards using the Compton Normalization method as described in Method 6200 (US EPA, 1994). Using portable XRF technology for lead dust wipe analysis (Sterling et al, 2000) indicated that XRF precision improved with increasing concentration and accuracy was comparable to traditional laboratory measurements. Limited information exists about the accuracy and precision of the instrument's concentration readings when used for analysis in other matrices, like wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…These applications include the analysis of metals in soil (Vanhoof et al, 2004) and sediment (Hou et al, 2004;Stallard et al, 1995), the analysis of metals in aerosols collected on a filter (Kuznetsova et al, 2004), lead dust wipe analysis (Sterling et al, 2000), analysis of artifacts and art (Hou et al, 2004;Szökefalvi-Nagy et al, 2004) and the classification of hazardous wastes (Kalnicky and Singhvi, 2001;Rossini and Bernardes, 2005;Wolksa, 2005). XRF has also been used traditionally for the analysis of preservatives within pressure-treated wood (AWPA, 2005, Method A9-01).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry units for identification of arsenic in treated wood

Block

Shibata

Solo‐Gabriele

et al. 2007

Environmental Pollution

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of handheld XRF analyzers on wood that has been treated with a preservative containing arsenic. Experiments were designed to evaluate precision, detection limit, effective depth of analysis, and accuracy of the XRF arsenic readings. Results showed that the precision of the XRF improved with increased sample concentration and longer analysis times. Reported detection limits decreased with longer analysis times to values of less than 1 mg/kg or 18 mg/kg, depending on the model used. The effective depth of analysis was within the top 1.2 cm and 2.0 cm of sample for wood containing natural gradients of chemical preservative and concentration extremes, respectively. XRF results were found to be 1.5-2.3 times higher than measurements from traditional laboratory analysis. Equations can be developed to convert XRF values to results which are consistent with traditional laboratory testing.

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Section: Discussion and Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Use of handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry units for identification of arsenic in treated wood

Block

Shibata

Solo‐Gabriele

et al. 2007

Environmental Pollution

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“…Thus, the development of field sampling systems (FSS) for sampling and preconcentration of trace metals in natural waters is desirable in order to minimize such problems. 2 Consequently field sampling systems have been used for trace metal determination in conjuction to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), 3 graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry GFAAS, 4,5 flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 6,7,8,9,10,-11 and X-ray fluorescence, 12 they have also been purposed to speciation studies [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] for mercuric, 14,15,16,-17 aluminium, 18 lead 19 and chromium 20,21,22 and also separation processes for analysis by ICP-MS. 23 The Table 1 shows a comparison among FSS proposed for metal determination using spectroanalytical techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field sampling system for determination of cadmium and nickel in fresh water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Santos¹,

Santos²,

Ferreira³

2005

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um sistema contendo Amberlite XAD -2 (estireno-divinilbenzeno) carregado com 2-(2-tiazolilazo)-5-dimetilaminfenol (TAM) é proposto para amostragem em campo, preconcentração e determinação de cádmio (II) e níquel (II) em amostras de águas naturais usando espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS). O processo de otimização foi univariado e os seguintes parâmetros foram estudados: efeito de pH, efeito de vazão de amostragem, concentração da solução e vazão de eluente, efeito de outros ions, precisão e exatidão. Na etapa de amostragem, os ions metálicos são retidos na minicoluna sob a forma de TAM complexos. A amostra é percolada com vazão de 3,0 mL min -1 após filtração usando filtro de 0,45 µm. Posteriormente, a minicoluna é incorporada sobre um sistema em fluxo contínuo e os ions metálicos são eluídos com solução de ácido clorídrico de concentração 1,0 mol L -1 diretamente para o sistema de nebulização do espectrômetro. Para níquel, os limites de detecção (LOD) e quantificação (LOQ) foram 12 e 39 ng L -1 , respectivamente. A precisão expressa como desvio padrão relativo (RSD) para 10 determinações independentes foram 5,5% e 7,0% para concentrações de níquel de 10 e 1,0 µg L -1 , respectivamente. O fator de preconcentração, calculado como a relação entre as inclinações de curvas obtidas pelo presente procedimento e pela aspiração direta foi 637 para um volume de amostra de 150 mL. Para cádmio, os LOD e LOQ foram 22 e 72 ng L -1 , respectivamente. A precisão expressa como RSD, foi 6,0% e 6,8% para concentrações de cádmio de 10 e 1,0 µg L -1 , respectivamente. O fator de preconcentração experimental foi 548, também para um volume de amostra de 150 mL. O procedimento foi aplicado para determinação de cádmio e níquel em águas naturais de baixa salinidade, coletadas de lagoas da Cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.A system containing Amberlite XAD -2 (styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers) loaded with 2-(2thiazolylazo)-5-dimethylaminophenol (TAM) reagent is proposed for field sampling, preconcentration and determination of cadmium (II) and nickel (II) ions in fresh water using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The optimisation process was univariate and the followings parameters were studied: pH effect, effect of sample flow rate, eluent concentration and flow rate, effect of other ions, precision and accuracy as recovery tests. In the sampling step, metal ions are retained in a minicolumn as TAM complexes. The sample is pumped at 3.0 mL min -1 with on-line filtration using a 0.45 µm filter. Afterwards, the minicolumn is incorporated in a flow-injection system and the metal ions eluted with a solution of 1.0 mol L -1 hydrochloric acid into the nebuliserburner system of the spectrometer. For nickel, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 12 and 39 ng L -1 , respectively. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) for ten independent determinations was 5.5% and 7.0% for nickel concentrations of 10 and 1.0 µg L -1 , respectively. The experimental preconcentration factor...

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Portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer with a pyroelectric x-ray generator

Ida

Kawai

2005

X-Ray Spectrom.

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A portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer was assembled with an x-ray generator that was driven by a 9 V dry electric battery. Several possible optimum geometries of the x-ray generator and detector were evaluated, and the results showed that the intensity of fluorescent x-rays was strong enough when the angle between the x-ray generator and detector was as small as 30 • . The geometrically optimized x-ray spectrometer was applied to the analysis of paints, plastics and aluminum foils. Pigments in paint and toxic elements in plastic could be easily detected with on-site analysis. Fe in aluminum foil was quantitatively determined down to the sub-% level. The detection limit of Fe was 180 ppm for 100 s of measurement.

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A Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument for Analyzing Dust Wipe Samples for Lead: Evaluation with Field Samples

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Use of handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry units for identification of arsenic in treated wood

Use of handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry units for identification of arsenic in treated wood

Field sampling system for determination of cadmium and nickel in fresh water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer with a pyroelectric x-ray generator

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