A possible biomedical facility at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

Dosanjh, Manjit; Jones, Bleddyn; Myers, Steve

doi:10.1259/bjr.20120660

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These need to be determined for extensive in vitro libraries of human cell lines and, if confirmed, extended to more complex in vivo experiments. A single international center would be ideal for this purpose, as has already been proposed at CERN ( 29 , 30 ). There, it might be possible to create a new extensive data base for LET–RBE relationships, and to re-confirm or refute the basic RBE principles listed on p. 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simpler Energy Transfer Efficiency Model to Predict Relative Biological Effect for Protons and Heavier Ions

Jones

2015

Front. Oncol.

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The aim of this work is to predict relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for protons and clinically relevant heavier ions, by using a simplified semi-empirical process based on rational expectations and published experimental results using different ion species. The model input parameters are: Z (effective nuclear charge) and radiosensitivity parameters αL and βL of the control low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Sequential saturation processes are assumed for: (a) the position of the turnover point (LETU) for the LET–RBE relationship with Z, and (b) the ultimate value of α at this point (αU) being non-linearly related to αL. Using the same procedure for β, on the logical assumption that the changes in β with LET, although smaller than α, are symmetrical with those of α, since there is symmetry of the fall off of LET–RBE curves with increasing dose, which suggests that LETU must be identical for α and β. Then, using iso-effective linear quadratic model equations, the estimated RBE is scaled between αU and αL and between βU and βL from for any input value of Z, αL, βL, and dose. The model described is fitted to the data of Barendsen (alpha particles), Weyrather et al. (carbon ions), and Todd for nine different ions (deuterons to Argon), which include variations in cell surviving fraction and dose. In principle, this new system can be used to complement the more complex methods to predict RBE with LET such as the local effect and MKM models which already have been incorporated into treatment planning systems in various countries. It would be useful to have a secondary check to such systems, especially to alert clinicians of potential risks by relatively easy estimation of relevant RBEs. In clinical practice, LET values smaller than LETU are mostly encountered, but the model extends to higher values beyond LETU for other purposes such as radiation, protection, and astrobiology. Considerable further research is required, perhaps in a dedicated international laboratory, using a basket of different models to determine what the best system or combination of systems will be to make proton and ion beam radiotherapy as safe as possible and to produce the best possible clinical results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simpler Energy Transfer Efficiency Model to Predict Relative Biological Effect for Protons and Heavier Ions

Jones

2015

Front. Oncol.

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“…8,20 Experimental programmes should aim to predict as accurately as possible the relationship between low LET radiosensitivities and those at higher LET, sufficient to supply RBE max and RBE min and define the relationship between dose per fraction and RBE with LET changes, as suggested elsewhere. 8,20,[26][27][28] In vivo studies must include true late-reacting tissue effects: this imposes a burden of responsibility on particle beam centres which also possess in vivo research facilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why RBE must be a variable and not a constant in proton therapy

Jones

2016

BJR

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Objective: This article considered why the proton therapy (PT) relative biological effect (RBE) should be a variable rather than a constant. Methods: The reasons for a variable proton RBE are enumerated, with qualitative and quantitative arguments. The heterogeneous data sets collated by Paganetti et al (2002) and the more homogeneous data of Britten et al (2013) are further analyzed using linear regression fitting and RBE-inclusive adaptations of the linear-quadratic (LQ) radiation model.

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“…There are already several accelerator facilities involved in biomedical research for clinical 153 and space 154 radiobiology, and others have been proposed. 155 The exploitation of these facilities is, however, dependent on the funding available for users interested in high-energy particle radiobiology. In the USA, both the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the US Department of Energy (DOE) are considering further investments in CPT, including radiobiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New challenges in high-energy particle radiobiology

Durante

2014

BJR

125

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Densely ionizing radiation has always been a main topic in radiobiology. In fact, a-particles and neutrons are sources of radiation exposure for the general population and workers in nuclear power plants. More recently, high-energy protons and heavy ions attracted a large interest for two applications: hadrontherapy in oncology and space radiation protection in manned space missions. For many years, studies concentrated on measurements of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the energetic particles for different end points, especially cell killing (for radiotherapy) and carcinogenesis (for late effects). Although more recently, it has been shown that densely ionizing radiation elicits signalling pathways quite distinct from those involved in the cell and tissue response to photons. The response of the microenvironment to charged particles is therefore under scrutiny, and both the damage in the target and non-target tissues are relevant. The role of individual susceptibility in therapy and risk is obviously a major topic in radiation research in general, and for ion radiobiology as well. Particle radiobiology is therefore now entering into a new phase, where beyond RBE, the tissue response is considered. These results may open new applications for both cancer therapy and protection in deep space.Biological effects of densely ionizing radiation have been studied since the beginning of radiobiology. As a matter of fact, a-particles deliver the main contribution to the background radiation dose on Earth, owing to inhalation of the indoor radon.1 Neutrons have also been extensively studied because of protection of workers in nuclear power plants; use of fast neutrons in radiotherapy; and of the exposure of the survivors of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, where a neutron component was added to g-rays. Bacq and Alexander 2 already elegantly described the radiobiology of a-particles and neutrons in their 1955 seminal book.More recently, radiobiology research has focused on highenergy protons and heavy ions, mostly for two reasons: charged particle therapy (CPT) in oncology and radiation protection in manned space missions. In both cases, charged particles at energies .100 MeV n 21 are involved. The characteristic depth-dose distribution with the sharp Bragg peak at the end of the range can be exploited for killing tumours; on the other hand, densely ionizing radiation can effectively delay tissue morbidity. Notwithstanding the many differences in exposure conditions, CPT and space radiation protection share several research topics, including individual sensitivity, non-targeted effects, late stochastic effects and so forth.3 Research in these fields requires large high-energy accelerators and is often performed by the same research groups with a common interest in particle radiobiology. Research is rapidly moving forward owing to the diffusion of CPT centres in the USA, Europe, and Asia 4 and to the growing interest in manned space exploration, now a priority for all space agencies, 5 but wi...

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A possible biomedical facility at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

A Simpler Energy Transfer Efficiency Model to Predict Relative Biological Effect for Protons and Heavier Ions

A Simpler Energy Transfer Efficiency Model to Predict Relative Biological Effect for Protons and Heavier Ions

Why RBE must be a variable and not a constant in proton therapy

New challenges in high-energy particle radiobiology

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